Optical skyrmions, quasiparticles that are characterized by the topologically nontrivial vectorial textures of optical parameters such as the electromagnetic field, Stokes parameters, and spin angular momentum, have aroused great attention recently. New dimensions for optical information processing, transfer, and storage have become possible, and developing multiple schemes for manipulating the topological states of skyrmions, thus, is urgent. Here we propose an approach toward achieving dynamic modulation of skyrmions via changing the field symmetry and adding chirality. We demonstrate that field symmetry governs the skyrmionic transformation between skyrmions and merons, whereas material chirality modulates the twist degree of fields and spins and takes control of the Néel-type–Bloch-type skyrmionic transition. Remarkably, the enantioselective twist of skyrmions and merons results from the longitudinal spin arising from the chirality-induced splitting of the hyperboloid in the momentum space. Our investigation, therefore, acts to enrich the portfolio of optical quasiparticles. The chiral route to topological state transitions will deepen our understanding of light–matter interaction and pave the way for chiral sensing, optical tweezers, and topological phase transitions in quantum matter.

中文翻译：

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Bloch型skyrmion和meron拓扑的光学拓扑晶格

光学斯格明子是一种准粒子，其特征在于电磁场、斯托克斯参数和自旋角动量等光学参数的拓扑非平凡矢量纹理，最近引起了人们的极大关注。光学信息处理、传输和存储的新维度已经成为可能，因此迫切需要开发多种方案来操纵skyrmions的拓扑状态。在这里，我们提出了一种通过改变场对称性和增加手性来实现斯格明子动态调制的方法。我们证明了场对称性控制着skyrmions和merons之间的skyrmionic转换，而材料手性调节了场和自旋的扭曲程度，并控制了Néel-type-Bloch-type skyrmionic转换。值得注意的是，斯格明子和梅龙的对映选择性扭曲是由手性诱导的动量空间中双曲面分裂引起的纵向自旋产生的。因此，我们的研究旨在丰富光学准粒子的组合。通往拓扑态跃迁的手性路径将加深我们对光物质相互作用的理解，并为量子物质中的手性传感、光镊和拓扑相变铺平道路。