ABSTRACT

The influence of a ‘group’ is often posited as a key factor that influences behavior. This is relevant in sports, where the presence of norms develops through interactions with important others. As such, an athlete’s perception of what is normative may have a significant role in how that athlete thinks and behaves. The present study undertakes a scoping review of research on norms in sports, specifically to describe the extent, scope and range of research conducted to date. Six online databases were searched to identify research published up to January 2021, from which 124 met inclusion criteria. To be included, articles were published peer-reviewed articles, written in English and evaluated norms within an athlete sample. The results suggest that the use of theoretical frameworks and conceptualizations of norms varied considerably and were used inconsistently. Most studies included in this review used a cross-sectional research design, were conducted within North America, and focused on adult athlete populations. This study identified that the concept of ‘norms’ has been examined extensively in sport, with an opportunity to explore norms in a wider range of samples and with advanced research methodologies to progress our understanding of norms in sport.

摘要

“群体”的影响通常被认为是影响行为的关键因素。这与体育运动相关，在体育运动中，规范的存在是通过与重要他人的互动而发展起来的。因此，运动员对什么是规范的看法可能对运动员的思考和行为方式具有重要作用。本研究对体育规范研究进行了范围审查，特别是描述迄今为止进行的研究的程度、范围和范围。搜索了六个在线数据库，以确定截至 2021 年 1 月发表的研究，其中 124 项符合纳入标准。要被纳入，文章发表了同行评议的文章，用英语写成，并评估了运动员样本中的规范。结果表明，理论框架的使用和规范的概念化差异很大，并且使用不一致。本综述中包含的大多数研究采用横断面研究设计，在北美进行，重点关注成年运动员群体。本研究发现，“规范”的概念已在体育运动中得到广泛检验，有机会在更广泛的样本中探索规范，并采用先进的研究方法来增进我们对运动规范的理解。