Different fertilization regimes differentially impact the physicochemical properties, diversity, and ecosystem functioning of soil microbial communities. However, there is little research on the relationship between soil quality, microbial diversity, and crop production under different long-term fertilization regimes, especially on woody plants. Therefore, in this study, we investigated changes in the soil microbial communities of walnut orchards after nine years of continuous fertilization (no fertilizer, only chemical fertilizer, chemical + organic fertilizer, chemical + biofertilizer, and chemical + organic + biofertilizer), and analyzed the link between fertility improvement and yield increase from a microbial perspective. The results showed that the soil quality index was strongly correlated with organic fertilizers and biofertilizers addition, and exhibited a significant relationship with walnut yield. Furthermore, the addition of organic fertilizers or biofertilizers promoted the enrichment of microorganisms beneficial to soil fertility, crop growth (Bacillus spp.) and soil bioremediation (Solicoccozyma spp.) and decreased the amounts of Fusarium spp. in the walnut orchard soil. Moreover, structural equation modeling indicated strong and positive relationships between walnut yield and the diversity of the keystone microbial communities. Overall, the results confirm the feasibility of using multiple fertilizer blends to improve soil fertility and reveal the fundamental role of fungal diversity in maintaining economic forest tree production.

不同的施肥方案对土壤微生物群落的理化性质、多样性和生态系统功能有不同的影响。然而，关于不同长期施肥制度下土壤质量、微生物多样性和作物产量之间关系的研究很少，尤其是在木本植物上。因此，本研究调查了核桃园连续施肥（不施肥、只施化肥、化肥+有机肥、化肥+生物肥、化肥+有机肥+生物肥）9年后土壤微生物群落的变化，并分析从微生物的角度来看，肥力提高和产量增加之间的联系。结果表明，土壤质量指数与有机肥和生物肥的添加量呈强相关，与核桃产量呈显着关系。此外，有机肥或生物肥的添加促进了有益于土壤肥力、作物生长的微生物的富集。Bacillus spp.) 和土壤生物修复 ( Solicoccozyma spp.) 并减少镰刀菌属的数量。在核桃园的土壤中。此外，结构方程模型表明核桃产量与关键微生物群落的多样性之间存在强烈的正相关关系。总体而言，结果证实了使用多种肥料混合物提高土壤肥力的可行性，并揭示了真菌多样性在维持经济林木生产中的基本作用。