Despite a general understanding that interviewers might cause measurement errors on sensitive questions in sample surveys, there is relatively little research on interviewer effects on responses to questions on women justifying a woman's refusal to have sex with her husband, women justifying wife beating, women's experience of physical and sexual violence, and whether the woman's father ever beat her mother. This study examines interviewer effects on these indicators that were collected in two large-scale National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) in India (2005–2006 and 2015–2016). We use cross-classified random intercept multivariable multilevel logit models to examine interviewer effects. In both surveys, we find large interviewer effects on questions about the justification of a woman refusing to have sex with her husband (32–33% in NFHS-3 and 45–46% in NFHS-4) and the justification of wife beating (27–28% in NFHS-3 and 33–34% in NFHS-4). The interviewer effects were much larger in the 2015–2016 survey than in the 2005–2006 survey. Such large interviewer effects should be considered when interpreting trends and patterns on these topics, especially since the interviewer effects might have changed between survey rounds. Understanding interviewer effects is important given the wide use of these surveys in policy formulation and monitoring in India.

中文翻译：

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采访者如何影响对关于殴打妻子的正当理由、拒绝发生夫妻性行为和印度家庭暴力等敏感问题的回答

尽管普遍认为访调员可能会在抽样调查中对敏感问题造成测量错误，但关于访调员对女性为拒绝与丈夫发生性关系辩护、女性为殴打妻子辩护、女性经历身体和性暴力，以及该名妇女的父亲是否打过她的母亲。本研究考察了在印度（2005-2006 年和 2015-2016 年）的两次大规模全国家庭健康调查 (NFHS) 中收集的访问员对这些指标的影响。我们使用交叉分类随机截距多变量多级 logit 模型来检查面试官的效果。在这两项调查中，我们发现面试官对女性拒绝与丈夫发生性关系的理由（NFHS-3 为 32-33%，NFHS-4 为 45-46%）和殴打妻子的理由（27-28%在 NFHS-3 中，在 NFHS-4 中为 33-34%）。2015-2016 年调查的访调员效应比 2005-2006 年调查大得多。在解释这些主题的趋势和模式时，应考虑如此大的访调员影响，特别是因为访调员的影响可能在调查轮次之间发生变化。鉴于这些调查在印度政策制定和监测中的广泛使用，了解访调员的影响非常重要。在解释这些主题的趋势和模式时，应考虑如此大的访调员影响，特别是因为访调员的影响可能在调查轮次之间发生变化。鉴于这些调查在印度政策制定和监测中的广泛使用，了解访调员的影响非常重要。在解释这些主题的趋势和模式时，应考虑如此大的访调员影响，特别是因为访调员的影响可能在调查轮次之间发生变化。鉴于这些调查在印度政策制定和监测中的广泛使用，了解访调员的影响非常重要。