Literature suggests personal growth initiative (PGI) and hope play critical roles in problematic substance use. Authors describe the association between PGI and abstinence self-efficacy (ASE) and the mediating factor of hope. Implications for addictions counselors and school counselors are provided.

中文翻译：

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了解个人成长主动性、希望和禁欲自我效能之间的关系

文献表明个人成长主动性 (PGI) 和希望在有问题的物质使用中起着关键作用。作者描述了 PGI 与禁欲自我效能 (ASE) 之间的关联以及希望的中介因素。提供了对成瘾辅导员和学校辅导员的启示。