Aquatic toxicity is a mandatory component in risk assessment of chemicals. The currently recommended used acute fish toxicity (AFT) test requires a large test system, bringing onerous experimental operation and discharge of much experimental wastewater. In this study, we established a more convenient and efficient test defined as the zebrafish larvae acute toxicity (FLT) test, which employed zebrafish larvae at four days post fertilization as the test organisms and implemented a 48-hour exposure in 6-well plates. Based on validated reproducibility, we applied this test to evaluate the acute toxicity of 35 chemicals. By comparing the results with the existing acute toxicity data reported in the literature, we found that most chemicals exhibited highly positive correlated LC₅₀ in the FLT and the AFT test, with the same or similar toxicity grade. The FLT test showed more comparable sensitivity with the current AFT test than the previously recommended fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET). Moreover, the FLT test is easier to implement than the FET test which requires microscopic observation to identify the fertilization and development status of the embryos. Despite a limitation similar to the FET test in terms of detecting neurotoxicants, the FLT test could be a more promising alternative to the AFT test relative to the FET test.

水生毒性是化学品风险评估的强制性组成部分。目前推荐使用的鱼类急性毒性（AFT）试验需要庞大的试验系统，带来繁重的实验操作和大量实验废水的排放。在这项研究中，我们建立了一种更方便、更有效的测试，即斑马鱼幼虫急性毒性 (FLT) 测试，该测试使用受精后 4 天的斑马鱼幼虫作为测试生物体，并在 6 孔板中进行 48 小时的暴露。基于经过验证的重现性，我们应用此测试来评估 35 种化学品的急性毒性。通过将结果与文献中报道的现有急性毒性数据进行比较，我们发现大多数化学品表现出高度正相关的 LC ₅₀在 FLT 和 AFT 试验中，毒性等级相同或相近。FLT 测试与之前推荐的鱼胚急性毒性测试 (FET) 相比，与当前的 AFT 测试显示出更高的灵敏度。此外，FLT 测试比 FET 测试更容易实施，后者需要通过显微镜观察来确定胚胎的受精和发育状态。尽管在检测神经毒物方面存在类似于 FET 测试的限制，但相对于 FET 测试，FLT 测试可能是 AFT 测试的更有希望的替代方法。