Wearable devices with skin-like mechanical properties enable continuous monitoring of the human body. However, wearable device design has mainly focused on recording superficial signals from the skin thus far, which can only reveal limited information about health and disease. Deep-tissue signals, for example, electrophysiologic, metabolic, circulatory, thermal and mechanical signals, often have stronger correlation with disease and can predict the onset of symptoms. In this Review, we discuss the engineering of soft wearable devices that can sense signals in deep tissues. We highlight electrical, electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical sensing approaches, investigating sensing mechanisms, device designs, fabrication processes and sensing performance, with a focus on penetration depth and temporal and spatial resolutions in the human body. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges in the field and highlight strategies to further improve penetration depth and specificity, accuracy and system-level integration.

具有类似皮肤的机械特性的可穿戴设备能够持续监测人体。然而，迄今为止，可穿戴设备的设计主要集中在记录来自皮肤的表面信号，这些信号只能揭示有限的健康和疾病信息。深层组织信号，例如电生理、代谢、循环、热和机械信号，通常与疾病具有更强的相关性，可以预测症状的发作。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了可以感知深层组织信号的软可穿戴设备的工程。我们重点介绍电气、电磁、热和机械传感方法，研究传感机制、设备设计、制造工艺和传感性能，重点关注人体的穿透深度和时间和空间分辨率。最后，