Abstract

It has been widely accepted that the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important pathophysiologic pathway linking particulate matter (PM) exposure and adverse health effects. ROS can be either present on and/or within PM or generated in vivo by the interactions between PM and biological systems. Within the context of toxicology, PM oxidative potential (OP) is the capacity of PM to oxidize molecules in biological tissues or cells directly by oxidants that are present on and/or within PM and indirectly by the ROS generated via PM interactions with the biological system (e.g., fluids, cells, and tissues). In this review, we summarized the current PM OP measurement methods, current understanding of how PM physical characteristics and chemical compositions affect OP, and the epidemiological and toxicological evidence on whether PM OP is a better indicator than PM mass concentration for health effects. Among the two major types of OP measurement methods, cellular assays have been regarded to better reflect the actions of PM in a biological system than acellular assays. Recent epidemiological studies have associated short-term PM OP exposure with adverse cardiorespiratory health outcomes. Little is known about the health effects of long-term PM OP exposure and on the effect beyond the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The existing evidence may be sufficient to suggest the use of PM OP as a more health-relevant exposure metric than conventional PM mass concentration, but critical methodologic issues must be resolved before this metric can be widely and accurately used.

摘要

人们普遍认为，活性氧 (ROS) 的诱导是连接颗粒物 (PM) 暴露和不良健康影响的重要病理生理途径。ROS 可以存在于 PM 上和/或内或在体内产生通过 PM 和生物系统之间的相互作用。在毒理学的背景下，PM 氧化电位 (OP) 是 PM 直接通过存在于 PM 上和/或内部的氧化剂氧化生物组织或细胞中的分子，以及通过 PM 与生物系统相互作用产生的 ROS 间接氧化的能力（例如，体液、细胞和组织）。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前的 PM OP 测量方法、当前对 PM 物理特性和化学成分如何影响 OP 的理解，以及关于 PM OP 是否是比 PM 质量浓度更好的健康影响指标的流行病学和毒理学证据。在两种主要类型的 OP 测量方法中，细胞测定被认为比非细胞测定更好地反映生物系统中 PM 的作用。最近的流行病学研究将短期 PM OP 暴露与不良心肺健康结果相关联。人们对长期暴露于 PM OP 的健康影响以及对心血管和呼吸系统以外的影响知之甚少。现有证据可能足以表明使用 PM OP 作为比传统 PM 质量浓度更与健康相关的暴露指标，但在广泛和准确地使用该指标之前，必须解决关键的方法学问题。