Abstract

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are frequently detected in the environment and human samples, bringing potential adverse effects to ecosystems and human health. Aryl OPEs (AOPEs), which are widely used in industrial and consumer products, are regarded as emerging endocrine disruptors. Taking triphenyl phosphate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and isomers of mono-, di-, and tri-isopropylated triaryl phosphates as representative AOPEs, this article reviewed their endocrine disrupting toxicity, metabolic disrupting toxicity, and their underlying molecular mechanisms via various signaling pathways. In general, AOPEs showed endocrine-disrupting effects by disrupting the hormone level and by behaving estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and thyroid hormone receptor agonistic/antagonistic activity. AOPEs also exerted metabolic disrupting effects in the cardiovascular system and liver by disrupting the lipids hemostasis and by binding with liver X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Furthermore, we predicted the endocrine disrupting toxicity of emerging AOPEs by comparing their structures with the legacy AOPEs, but further studies should confirm the toxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms of emerging AOPEs in the environment. Overall, this review provided a more in-depth understanding of the adverse health outcomes of AOPEs.

摘要

有机磷酸酯 (OPE) 经常在环境和人类样本中检测到，给生态系统和人类健康带来潜在的不利影响。广泛用于工业和消费品的芳基 OPE (AOPE) 被认为是新兴的内分泌干扰物。本文以磷酸三苯酯、磷酸2-乙基己基二苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯和磷酸单、二、三异丙基化三芳基三芳基酯的异构体为代表的AOPEs，综述了它们的内分泌干扰毒性、代谢干扰毒性及其潜在的分子机制。各种信号通路。一般来说，AOPEs 通过破坏激素水平和表现出雌激素受体、雄激素受体、盐皮质激素受体、糖皮质激素受体、和甲状腺激素受体激动/拮抗活性。AOPE 还通过破坏脂质止血和与肝脏 X 受体和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 γ 结合，在心血管系统和肝脏中发挥代谢破坏作用。此外，我们通过将其结构与传统 AOPE 进行比较来预测新兴 AOPE 的内分泌干扰毒性，但进一步的研究应证实新兴 AOPE 在环境中的毒性和潜在的分子机制。总体而言，本综述对 AOPE 的不良健康结果提供了更深入的了解。此外，我们通过将其结构与传统 AOPE 进行比较来预测新兴 AOPE 的内分泌干扰毒性，但进一步的研究应证实新兴 AOPE 在环境中的毒性和潜在的分子机制。总体而言，本综述对 AOPE 的不良健康结果提供了更深入的了解。此外，我们通过将其结构与传统 AOPE 进行比较来预测新兴 AOPE 的内分泌干扰毒性，但进一步的研究应证实新兴 AOPE 在环境中的毒性和潜在的分子机制。总体而言，本综述对 AOPE 的不良健康结果提供了更深入的了解。