Agrobiodiversity conservation is vital for food security, maintaining ecological balance, and preserving socio-cultural norms. There is substantial evidence to support that agrobiodiversity hotspots coincide with localized, small-scale peasant food systems. Preserving such food systems is necessary for protecting agrobiodiversity. The current legal framework over agrobiodiversity is fragmented and inadequate. A major portion of this framework is situated within intellectual property law and farmers’ rights law, neither of which are designed to foster sustainable management of agrobiodiversity. In this context, the 2018 Peasants’ Rights Declaration has the potential to fill the gaps in the existing framework. The paper critically analyses the Declaration by exploring some of its legal innovations in improving agrobiodiversity conservation. While some of these innovations are commendable, they are unlikely to be adopted by states owing to their radical nature. Their adoption would require a massive overhaul of the existing agricultural model and power structures embedded within it.

农业生物多样性保护对于粮食安全、维持生态平衡和维护社会文化规范至关重要。有大量证据支持农业生物多样性热点与本地化的小规模农民粮食系统相吻合。保护此类粮食系统对于保护农业生物多样性是必要的。当前关于农业生物多样性的法律框架支离破碎且不充分。该框架的主要部分位于知识产权法和农民权利法中，两者都不是为了促进农业生物多样性的可持续管理。在此背景下，2018 年《农民权利宣言》有可能填补现有框架的空白。本文通过探讨其在改善农业生物多样性保护方面的一些法律创新，对《宣言》进行了批判性分析。虽然其中一些创新值得称赞，但由于其激进的性质，它们不太可能被各国采用。它们的采用将需要对现有的农业模式和嵌入其中的权力结构进行大规模改革。