Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) are molecules with a pyramidal structure formed by folding four single strands of DNA based on the principle of base pairing. Although DNA has polyanionic properties, the special spatial structure of TDNs allows them to penetrate the cell membrane without the aid of transfection agents in a caveolin-dependent manner and enables them to participate in the regulation of cellular processes without obvious toxic side effects. Because of their stable spatial structure, TDNs resist the limitations imposed by nuclease activity and innate immune responses to DNA. In addition, TDNs have good editability and biocompatibility, giving them great advantages for biomedical applications. Previous studies have found that TDNs have a variety of biological properties, including promoting cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, as well as having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-infective and immune regulation capabilities. Moreover, we confirmed that TDNs can promote the regeneration and repair of skin, blood vessels, muscles and bone tissues. Based on these findings, we believe that TDNs have broad prospects for application in wound repair and regeneration. This article reviews recent progress in TDN research and its applications.

中文翻译：

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四面体 DNA 纳米结构在伤口修复和组织再生中的应用

四面体 DNA 纳米结构 (TDN) 是根据碱基配对原理，由四条 DNA 单链折叠而成的具有锥体结构的分子。尽管 DNA 具有聚阴离子特性，但 TDN 的特殊空间结构使其能够以小窝蛋白依赖性方式在不借助转染剂的情况下穿透细胞膜，并使它们能够参与细胞过程的调节而没有明显的毒副作用。由于其稳定的空间结构，TDN 可以抵抗核酸酶活性和对 DNA 的先天免疫反应所施加的限制。此外，TDN 具有良好的可编辑性和生物相容性，在生物医学应用方面具有很大优势。先前的研究发现，TDNs 具有多种生物学特性，包括促进细胞迁移、增殖分化，并具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗感染和免疫调节能力。此外，我们证实TDNs可以促进皮肤、血管、肌肉和骨组织的再生和修复。基于这些发现，我们认为 TDN 在伤口修复和再生方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文回顾了 TDN 研究及其应用的最新进展。