This article examines the art of Pavel Fantl (1903–1945), a Czech Jewish doctor whom the Nazis murdered shortly before the end of the Second World War. Fantl left behind approximately eighty drawings. Despite being created under difficult conditions in the Terezín Ghetto, his art stands out for its use of humor and satire. This article argues that Fantl’s work not only testified to the suffering and persecution of Jews, but also reflected the wider visual conventions of the time, in particular the satirical cartoon and comic strip of the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, by tracing the material practices surrounding Fantl’s art, this paper shows how the creation and survival of drawings from the ghettos hinged on strong interpersonal bonds with non-Jews beyond the ghetto walls.

中文翻译：

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Terezín 的幸存艺术：Pavel Fantl 的讽刺画

本文探讨了帕维尔·范特尔（Pavel Fantl，1903-1945 年）的艺术，他是一位捷克犹太医生，在第二次世界大战结束前不久被纳粹谋杀。Fantl 留下了大约八十幅画作。尽管是在 Terezín Ghetto 的艰难条件下创作的，但他的艺术以幽默和讽刺的运用而著称。本文认为，范特尔的作品不仅见证了犹太人遭受的苦难和迫害，还反映了当时更广泛的视觉惯例，尤其是 1920 年代和 1930 年代的讽刺漫画和连环画。此外，通过追溯围绕 Fantl 的艺术的物质实践，本文展示了来自隔都的绘画的创作和生存如何取决于与隔都墙外的非犹太人之间的牢固人际关系。