There seem to be no answers to resolve the deadlock between the Global North and the Global South on liability and compensation for loss and damage from climate change. Revisiting the original story of international environmental law from the Stockholm Conference of 1972 may help us address these historical tensions. In doing so, this article unveils the genesis of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) from the Stockholm Conference as an alternative consciousness centred around the aspirations of the Global South. Indira Gandhi's plenary address at Stockholm outlined the Global South's position on environmental issues, which greatly influenced early TWAIL scholarship in the 1980s. Locating TWAIL's origins at Stockholm allows us to: (1) chart the environmental concerns of the Global South till date; (2) infer its evolved view on the “development versus environment” debate; and (3) understand the role of future TWAIL scholarship in challenging the enduring and structural limitations of international environmental law, especially in future deliberations on loss and damage.

似乎没有办法解决全球北方和全球南方在气候变化造成的损失和损害的责任和赔偿问题上的僵局。重温 1972 年斯德哥尔摩会议上国际环境法的原始故事可能有助于我们解决这些历史紧张局势。在此过程中，本文揭示了斯德哥尔摩会议上第三世界国际法方法（TWAIL）的起源，它是一种以全球南方的愿望为中心的替代意识。英迪拉·甘地在斯德哥尔摩的全体会议上概述了全球南方在环境问题上的立场，这极大地影响了 1980 年代早期的 TWAIL 学术研究。将 TWAIL 的起源定位在斯德哥尔摩使我们能够：（1）绘制迄今为止全球南方的环境问题；(2) 推断其对“发展与环境”辩论的演变观点；(3) 了解未来 TWAIL 学术在挑战国际环境法的持久性和结构性限制方面的作用，特别是在未来对损失和损害的审议中。