Bereavement has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including mortality, particularly among those who experience the sudden loss of a close other. With rising rates of sudden death in the United States, fueled by an alarming increase in fatal overdose deaths, identifying bereavement-related needs among the sudden-death bereaved is essential. The present study investigated the factor structure, internal reliability, and validity of the Sudden Bereavement Needs Inventory (SBNI) in a sample of sudden loss survivors (i.e., fatal overdose, suicide, and sudden-natural loss; N = 403). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor structure, with items reflecting pragmatic, informational, spiritual, relational, meaning, and emotional needs. SBNI factors showed adequate internal consistency, with significant associations between SBNI scores, loss characteristics, and mental health outcomes (e.g., prolonged grief symptoms, meaning-making, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms, and anxiety), supporting the scale’s validity and highlighting the potential applicability of the instrument in both research and clinical contexts. Future research should examine test–retest reliability of the SBNI, particularly through the lens of understanding whether and how bereavement needs change over time.

中文翻译：

---

自杀、服药过量和猝死后的丧亲之痛：评估新的需求衡量标准

丧亲与许多不良后果有关，包括死亡，尤其是那些经历过突然失去亲人的人。随着美国猝死率的上升，以及致命过量死亡人数惊人的增加，确定猝死丧亲者中与丧亲有关的需求至关重要。本研究调查了突发丧亲需求量表 (SBNI) 在突然丧失幸存者样本中的因素结构、内部可靠性和有效性（即，致命过量、自杀和突然自然丧失；N = 403 ）。验证性因素分析支持六因素结构，项目反映实用性、信息性、精神性、关系、意义和情感需求。SBNI 因素显示出足够的内部一致性，SBNI 评分、损失特征和心理健康结果（例如，长期悲伤症状、意义建构、创伤后应激障碍 [PTSD] 症状和焦虑）之间存在显着关联，支持量表的有效性并突出显示该仪器在研究和临床环境中的潜在适用性。未来的研究应该检查 SBNI 的重测可靠性，特别是通过理解丧亲是否需要随时间变化以及如何变化的视角。