Patients with cancer have a higher risk of severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and associated mortality than the general population. Owing to this increased risk, patients with cancer have been prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination globally, for both primary and booster vaccinations. However, given that these patients were not included in the pivotal clinical trials, considerable uncertainty remains regarding vaccine efficacy, and the extent of humoral and cellular immune responses in these patients, as well as the risks of vaccine-related adverse events. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge generated in studies conducted since COVID-19 vaccines first became available. We also highlight critical points that might affect vaccine efficacy in patients with cancer in the future.

与一般人群相比，癌症患者患严重冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 和相关死亡率的风险更高。由于这种风险增加，全球范围内癌症患者已优先接种 COVID-19 疫苗，包括初次疫苗接种和加强疫苗接种。然而，鉴于这些患者没有被纳入关键临床试验，疫苗功效、这些患者体液和细胞免疫反应的程度以及疫苗相关不良事件的风险仍然存在相当大的不确定性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了自 COVID-19 疫苗首次问世以来进行的研究中产生的当前知识。我们还强调了未来可能影响癌症患者疫苗功效的关键点。