Abstract

Brazil has a large number of degraded areas due to iron mining and other elements. In 2015, an iron mining tailings dam belonging to “Samarco Mineração SA”, located in the municipality of Mariana, state of Minas Gerais, collapsed, causing the greatest environmental disaster in the country’s history, due to the spill of 62 million m³ of red mud. The red mud was deposited on slopes, foothills of mountains, intermountain depressions and floodplains, contaminating soils and waters with amines, amides and sodium from the flotation of iron mining residues and causing the formation of surface crusts on the land and hard-setting formation. Different researches were carried out to evaluate and recover degraded soils—Leptosols, Cambisols, Ferralsols, Gleysols and Fluvisols, however the problems are still present and phytoremediation techniques were practically not applied. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to extract, filter, degrade, stabilize, or otherwise reduce mobility, bioavailability, or concentrations of pollutants and stands out as an example of a low cost, minimally invasive approach for the remediation of large-scale contaminated areas. In view of the degraded areas due to the collapse of the “Samarco Mineração SA” tailings dam, this article suggests phytoremediation strategies to rehabilitate the soils in different geomorphological units and the challenges to be faced in the future, pointing out research and the need for the involvement of professionals from different areas of knowledge.

中文翻译：

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修复受赤泥影响的土壤的植物修复策略：马里亚纳尾矿坝坍塌（巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州）

摘要

由于铁矿开采和其他因素，巴西有大量退化地区。2015 年，位于米纳斯吉拉斯州马里亚纳市的“Samarco Mineração SA”铁尾矿坝坍塌，造成该国历史上最严重的环境灾难，泄漏量达 6200 万立方米³红泥。赤泥沉积在山坡、山麓、山间洼地和漫滩上，使铁矿渣浮选产生的胺、酰胺和钠污染土壤和水域，并在陆地上形成地表结皮和坚硬的地层。进行了不同的研究来评估和恢复退化的土壤——Leptosols、Cambisols、Ferralsols、Gleysols 和 Fluvisols，但是问题仍然存在，植物修复技术实际上没有得到应用。植物修复是利用植物提取、过滤、降解、稳定或以其他方式降低污染物的流动性、生物利用度或浓度，是修复大规模污染区域的低成本、微创方法的一个例子。