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Active Turbulence
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-10 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-082321-035957
Ricard Alert 1, 2 , Jaume Casademunt 3, 4 , Jean-François Joanny 5, 6
Affiliation  

Active fluids exhibit spontaneous flows with complex spatiotemporal structure, which have been observed in bacterial suspensions, sperm cells, cytoskeletal suspensions, self-propelled colloids, and cell tissues. Despite occurring in the absence of inertia, chaotic active flows are reminiscent of inertial turbulence, and hence they are known as active turbulence. Here, we survey the field, providing a unified perspective over different classes of active turbulence. To this end, we divide our review into sections for systems with either polar or nematic order, and with or without momentum conservation (wet or dry). Comparing to inertial turbulence, we highlight the emergence of power-law scaling with either universal or nonuniversal exponents. We also contrast scenarios for the transition from steady to chaotic flows, and we discuss the absence of energy cascades. We link this feature to both the existence of intrinsic length scales and the self-organized nature of energy injection in active turbulence, which are fundamental differences from inertial turbulence. We close by outlining the emerging picture, remaining challenges, and future directions.

中文翻译:


主动湍流

活性流体表现出具有复杂时空结构的自发流动,这已在细菌悬浮液、精子细胞、细胞骨架悬浮液、自推进胶体和细胞组织中观察到。尽管在没有惯性的情况下发生,但混乱的主动流动让人想起惯性湍流,因此它们被称为主动湍流。在这里,我们调查了该领域,为不同类别的活跃湍流提供了统一的视角。为此,我们将我们的评论分为具有极性或向列顺序的系统部分,以及有或没有动量守恒(湿或干)的系统。与惯性湍流相比,我们强调了具有通用或非通用指数的幂律缩放的出现。我们还对比了从稳定流向混乱流过渡的情景,我们讨论了能量级联的缺失。我们将此特征与固有长度尺度的存在和主动湍流中能量注入的自组织性质联系起来,这是与惯性湍流的根本区别。最后,我们概述了新出现的情况、剩余的挑战和未来的方向。

更新日期:2022-03-10
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