The study of aversive or ‘dark’ personality traits (e.g., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) is afflicted by three types of issues. Measures of aversive traits that are meant to assess the same traits often capture different content—an issue of jingle. Measures that are meant to assess different traits often capture near-identical content—an issue of jangle. Finally, disagreement over what unites aversive personality traits leads to different conclusions about what is and is not an aversive personality trait—an issue of conceptual centrality. This study outlines how decomposing personality traits into smaller elements can address these three issues. It also provides a primer on the history and assessment of these traits and sets an agenda for future research.

中文翻译：

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采用基本方法来概念化和衡量马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病

厌恶或“黑暗”人格特征（例如，马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病）的研究受到三种类型的问题的困扰。旨在评估相同特征的厌恶特征的测量通常捕获不同的内容——一个叮当声的问题。旨在评估不同特征的措施通常会捕获几乎相同的内容——一个问题。最后，关于什么是厌恶人格特质的统一性的分歧导致了关于什么是厌恶人格特质和不是厌恶人格特质的不同结论——这是一个概念中心性问题。本研究概述了如何将人格特征分解成更小的元素来解决这三个问题。它还提供了有关这些特征的历史和评估的入门知识，并为未来的研究设定了议程。