A pomegranate-inspired bifunctional electrode material based on Ni/NiO nanoparticle embedded in nitrogen-doped, partially graphitized carbon framework (Ni/NiO@NPGC) was designed and prepared for the construction of novel electrochemical biosensor and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). Profiting from its special structure and function, Ni/NiO@NPGC was employed as a matrix immobilizing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for methyl parathion (MP) sensor. The developed biosensor was proved to have wide linear range (1.0 × 10^-14-1.0 × 10^-8 g mL⁻¹), low detection limit (3.5 × 10^-15 g mL⁻¹), and good stability for the determination of MP in practical samples. In addition, the Ni/NiO@NPGC electrode exhibited high electrocatalytic activity (specific activity 73.1 mA cm⁻²) and durability for the MOR in alkaline medium. The results were mainly attributed to the pomegranate-like architecture structure with pyridinic N and carbon frame of Ni/NiO@NPGC, which ensured the electrochemical activities of all nanoparticles and immobilization of enzyme. In addition, the metal oxide was well dispersed to prevent from self-agglomeration and kept mass transfer paths. The work provides a reference for the development of high-performance bifunctional electrode material for the biosensor and MOR.

为构建新型电化学生物传感器和甲醇氧化反应 (MOR) 设计并制备了一种基于 Ni/NiO 纳米颗粒嵌入氮掺杂、部分石墨化碳框架 (Ni/NiO@NPGC) 的石榴启发双功能电极材料。得益于其 特殊的 结构 和 功能，Ni/NiO@NPGC被用作甲基对硫磷（MP）传感器的固定乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）基质。开发的生物传感器被证明具有宽线性范围（1.0 × 10 ^-14 -1.0 × 10 ^-8 g mL ^-1），低检测限（3.5 × 10 ^-15 g mL ^-1)，对实际样品中 MP 的测定具有良好的稳定性。此外，Ni/NiO@NPGC电极表现出高电催化活性（比活性73.1 mA cm ^-2）和MOR在碱性介质中的耐久性。结果主要归因于Ni/NiO@NPGC的吡啶N和碳框架的石榴状结构结构，保证了所有纳米颗粒的电化学活性和酶的固定化。此外，金属氧化物被很好地分散以防止自聚集并保持传质路径。该工作为开发用于生物传感器和MOR的高性能双功能电极材料提供了参考。