We examined whether adolescent normative beliefs about aggression (NBA) functioned as a mechanism through which parental psychological control (PPC) predicted physical aggression in emerging adulthood via secondary data analyses with the Child Development Project longitudinal data. Fathers’ psychological control (fPC) that adolescents reported at age 13 predicted NBA at age 16, which then predicted their aggression at age 18, after controlling for harsh parenting, earlier NBA, aggression, and SES at age 13 and adolescent gender. However, mothers’ psychological control (mPC) that adolescents perceived at age 13 did not predict NBA at age 16. Our results suggest that fPC at age 13 uniquely predicts NBA at age 16, and that adolescents are able to distinguish fPC from mPC. Moreover, no differences in the mediational paths were found based on the gender of the adolescents, emphasizing the detrimental impacts of PPC regardless of the gender of the adolescents. Our findings suggest that adolescents may receive the message from their psychologically controlling fathers that it is okay to hurt others for one's own gain, and then the resulting belief that aggression is appropriate predicts their physical aggression in their emerging adulthood.

中文翻译：

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青少年关于攻击性的规范信念调节了父亲在青春期的心理控制与成年后的身体攻击之间的关联

我们通过儿童发展项目纵向数据的二次数据分析，检查了青少年关于攻击性 (NBA) 的规范信念是否作为一种机制发挥作用，父母心理控制 (PPC) 通过该机制预测新兴成年期的身体攻击。青少年在 13 岁时报告的父亲心理控制 (fPC) 预测了 16 岁时的 NBA，然后在控制了严厉的养育、早期 NBA、攻击性和 13 岁时的 SES 和青少年性别之后，预测了他们在 18 岁时的攻击性。然而，青少年在 13 岁时感知到的母亲心理控制 (mPC) 并不能预测 16 岁时的 NBA。我们的结果表明，13 岁时的 fPC 唯一地预测了 16 岁时的 NBA，并且青少年能够区分 fPC 和 mPC。而且，没有发现基于青少年性别的调解路径存在差异，强调了 PPC 的不利影响，无论青少年的性别如何。我们的研究结果表明，青少年可能会从他们的心理控制父亲那里收到这样的信息：为了自己的利益而伤害他人是可以的，然后由此产生的认为攻击是适当的信念可以预测他们在成年后的身体攻击。