Grounded in self-determination theory, this study aimed to (a) identify profiles of parental autonomy support and control and (b) examine how these profiles predict indicators of adolescents' career development (i.e., autonomy and competence in career exploration and indecision). To this end, we used three annual waves of data covering the postsecondary transition: the last 2 years of secondary school (T1 and T2) and 1 year after graduation (T3). The sample included 637 French-Canadian adolescents (54% girls; Mage at T1 = 14). Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify parenting profiles at T1 and T2, which were then associated with the indicators of career development at T2 and T3, respectively, while controlling for their autoregressive effects and sociodemographic information. Four comparable profiles were identified at both waves (i.e., Autonomy Supported, Generally Controlled, Mixed, and Guilt Induced), with a fifth profile (i.e., High Expectations) emerging only at T2. As expected, Autonomy Supported adolescents reported the highest levels of autonomy and competence and the lowest levels of indecision at both T2 and T3. The expected maladaptive nature of the Generally Controlled profile, however, was found only at T3, when this profile of adolescents became clearly differentiated from the autonomy supported profile on their career development outcomes. Regardless of the saliency of one specific controlling strategy, parental control hampered adolescents' career development, undermining autonomy and competence in career decision-making. These findings reiterate the benefits of autonomy support and the costs of parental control in adolescents' career development particularly in the long run. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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支持和阻碍自主权的不同方式：育儿概况和青少年的职业决策。

基于自决理论，本研究旨在 (a) 确定父母自主支持和控制的概况，以及 (b) 检查这些概况如何预测青少年职业发展的指标（即职业探索和优柔寡断中的自主性和能力）。为此，我们使用了三个涵盖高等教育过渡的年度数据浪潮：中学的最后 2 年（T1 和 T2）和毕业后的 1 年（T3）。样本包括 637 名法裔加拿大青少年（54% 是女孩；Mage 在 T1 = 14）。进行潜在概况分析以确定 T1 和 T2 的育儿概况，然后分别将其与 T2 和 T3 的职业发展指标相关联，同时控制其自回归效应和社会人口统计信息。在两次波浪中都确定了四个可比较的概况（即支持自主、普遍控制、混合和诱发内疚），第五个概况（即高期望）仅在 T2 出现。正如预期的那样，自主支持青少年在 T2 和 T3 报告了最高水平的自主和能力以及最低水平的优柔寡断。然而，仅在 T3 时才发现一般控制概况的预期适应不良性质，此时青少年的这种概况在其职业发展结果上与自主支持概况明显不同。无论一种特定控制策略的显着性如何，父母控制都会阻碍青少年的职业发展，破坏自主性和职业决策能力。这些发现重申了自主支持的好处和父母控制对青少年职业发展的成本，特别是从长远来看。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。