The broodstock diet, and in particular the lipid and fatty acid composition of the diet, is known to play a key role in reproductive efficiency and survival of the progeny in fish. A major problem when replacing both fish meal and fish oil by plant sources is the lack of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). To address this problem, we studied the effect of the plant-based diet supplemented with Schizochytrium sp. microalgae, source of DHA, compared to a conventional commercial diet rich in fish meal and fish oil on reproductive performance and egg quality and the consequences on progeny, in female rainbow trout broodstock. The results demonstrated that DHA-rich microalgae supplementation in a plant-based diet allowed for the maintenance of reproductive performance and egg quality comparable to a conventional commercial feed rich in fish meal and fish oil and led to an increased significant fry survival after resorption. Moreover, when females were fed a plant-based diet supplemented with micro-algae, the 4-month-old progenies showed a significant higher growth when they were challenged with a similar diet as broodstock during 1 month. We provide evidence for metabolic programming in which the maternal dietary induced significant protracted effects on lipid metabolism of progeny. The present study demonstrates that supplementation of a plant-based diet with DHA-rich microalgae can be an effective alternative to fish meal and fish oil in rainbow trout broodstock aquafeed.

中文翻译：

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微藻 Schizochytrium sp. 的作用。补充植物饲料对雌性虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）繁殖的影响：后代的母体编程影响

已知亲鱼日粮，特别是日粮中的脂质和脂肪酸成分，在鱼类的繁殖效率和后代存活方面发挥着关键作用。当用植物来源替代鱼粉和鱼油时，一个主要问题是缺乏 n-3 长链多不饱和脂肪酸，例如二十碳五烯酸 (EPA) 和二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)。为了解决这个问题，我们研究了添加 Schizochytrium sp. 的植物性饮食的效果。与富含鱼粉和鱼油的传统商业饮食相比，微藻（DHA 的来源）对雌性虹鳟亲鱼的繁殖性能和卵质量以及对后代的影响。结果表明，与富含鱼粉和鱼油的传统商业饲料相比，在植物性饮食中添加富含 DHA 的微藻可以维持繁殖性能和鸡蛋质量，并导致吸收后鱼苗存活率显着增加。此外，当雌性喂食添加微藻的植物性饮食时，4 个月大的后代在 1 个月内接受与亲鱼类似的饮食攻击时，表现出显着更高的生长速度。我们为代谢程序设计提供了证据，其中母体饮食对后代的脂质代谢产生了显着的长期影响。