Purpose

This study aims to make the reader aware of recent changes in the white supremacist movement and how such changes have altered the ways in which the movement can be combatted.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors study the movement in two periods: from 1970 to 2005 and from 2006 onward. The authors contrast the two periods and discuss the legal and financial issues within each.

Findings

The authors find that while legal concepts such as vicarious liability and respondeat superior apply today just as they did before, new tools are needed to fight the new means of financing the movement.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this study is the lack of quantitative data. Because the “alt-right” became popular around 2015, there has not been enough time for the construction of detailed data sets.

Practical implications

While many law papers have explored the white supremacist movement, the financing side has gone under-analyzed in scholarly research. This is important in light of the rise of the internet, online payment processors, cryptocurrencies and remote organizing and fundraising.

Social implications

The 2017 Charlottesville rally was organized and financed via podcasts, online forums, encrypted chats and anonymous payments. Since then, the movement has mostly gone underground and has become more violent and radical as many members have come to believe that marches and politics do not help them.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no papers in finance that deal extensively with this topic. The authors believe that the severity of the issue and the importance of its funding make this study a valuable source of information. The recent changes occurring within the movement are likely to become even more critical to its success or failure in the future.

中文翻译：

---

打击资助仇恨团体

目的

本研究旨在让读者了解白人至上主义运动最近的变化，以及这些变化如何改变了打击该运动的方式。

设计/方法/途径

作者分两个时期研究了这场运动：从 1970 年到 2005 年以及从 2006 年开始。作者对比了这两个时期，并讨论了每个时期的法律和财务问题。

发现

作者发现，虽然替代责任和 respondeat superior 等法律概念在今天仍然适用，但仍需要新的工具来对抗为该运动提供资金的新手段。

研究局限性/影响

这项研究的主要局限是缺乏定量数据。由于“另类右翼”在 2015 年左右开始流行，一直没有足够的时间来构建详细的数据集。

实际影响

虽然许多法律论文都探讨了白人至上主义运动，但学术研究对融资方面的分析不足。鉴于互联网、在线支付处理器、加密货币以及远程组织和筹款的兴起，这一点很重要。

社会影响

2017 年夏洛茨维尔集会是通过播客、在线论坛、加密聊天和匿名支付组织和资助的。从那以后，该运动大多转入地下，变得更加暴力和激进，因为许多成员开始相信游行和政治对他们没有帮助。

原创性/价值

据作者所知，金融领域没有广泛涉及该主题的论文。作者认为，问题的严重性和资金的重要性使这项研究成为有价值的信息来源。该运动最近发生的变化可能对其未来的成败更加关键。