A novel castor-oil-based and phosphorus-containing epoxy resin (flame-retardant epoxy resin (FREP)) and a curing agent – castor oil polybasic acid (AACO) – with high flame retardancy and flexibility were successfully synthesized. The chemical structures of FREP and AACO were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and hydrogen-1 (¹H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The epoxy resin components were prepared by using bisphenol A epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)) with different mass contents of FREP and AACO. DGEBA with 40 wt% FREP (FREP40) possessed a large limiting oxygen index of 29.3%. Cone calorimetry showed that the heat release and smoke production were reduced for both DGEBA with 20 wt% FREP (FREP20) and FREP40 in comparison with those of pure resin (FREP0), indicating that the smoke release and fire hazard of epoxy resin composites with FREP were reduced. Thermogravimetry–infrared spectroscopy suggested that the yields of toxic carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other pyrolysis products were significantly reduced. FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that FREP40 outperformed FREP0 in carbon-forming capacity. The introduction of FREP and AACO effectively increased the elongation at break of pure epoxy resins. FREP and AACO provide a promising strategy for synthesis of epoxy resins with excellent flame retardancy, smoke suppression and flexible performance.

中文翻译：

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新型蓖麻油基阻燃柔性环氧树脂：合成与性能

成功合成了具有高阻燃性和柔韧性的新型蓖麻油基含磷环氧树脂（阻燃环氧树脂（FREP））和固化剂蓖麻油多元酸（AACO）。FREP 和 AACO 的化学结构通过傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和hydrogen-1 ( ¹H) 核磁共振波谱。环氧树脂组分采用双酚A环氧树脂(双酚A的二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA))制备，具有不同质量含量的FREP和AACO。具有 40 wt% FREP (FREP40) 的 DGEBA 具有 29.3% 的大极限氧指数。锥形量热法表明，与纯树脂（FREP0）相比，添加 20 wt% FREP（FREP20）和 FREP40 的 DGEBA 的放热和生烟量均有所降低，表明 FREP 环氧树脂复合材料的烟气释放和火灾危险性降低。被减少了。热重-红外光谱表明有毒一氧化碳 (CO)、二氧化碳 (CO ₂) 和其他热解产物显着减少。FTIR 和 X 射线光电子能谱表明 FREP40 在碳形成能力方面优于 FREP0。FREP和AACO的引入有效地提高了纯环氧树脂的断裂伸长率。FREP和AACO为合成具有优异阻燃性、抑烟性和柔韧性的环氧树脂提供了一种很有前景的策略。