Recent assessments of relations between states and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) claim a global wave of state crackdowns, raising questions about the continued authority and influence of NGOs. The works reviewed here challenge the idea of a pattern of global conflict, demonstrating a range of ways in which states work with, through, and alongside NGOs. They also demonstrate that the diversity of NGO–state relations can make it difficult to generalize about these interactions across national contexts. One way to reconceptualize these relationships may be to focus on the normative commitments that states and NGOs do or do not share. Conflictual and cooperative NGO–state dynamics emerge from the many and sometimes contradictory liberal values that enabled the rise of NGOs. NGOs can embody three liberal values: visions of civil society can emphasize political freedoms, market-based visions of private action, or universalism. States may embrace some of these values while rejecting others. Thus, while the era of the unimpeded rise of NGOs may have come to an end, the shifting political spaces for NGOs do not spell an end to their influence.

中文翻译：

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非政府组织和国家：探索国家多样性和全球自由主义

最近对国家与非政府组织 (NGO) 之间关系的评估表明，全球掀起了一波国家镇压浪潮，引发了人们对 NGO 的持续权威和影响力的质疑。这里回顾的作品挑战了全球冲突模式的概念，展示了国家与非政府组织合作、通过非政府组织并与之合作的一系列方式。他们还表明，非政府组织与国家关系的多样性可能难以概括这些互动在国家背景下的情况。重新概念化这些关系的一种方法可能是关注国家和非政府组织共享或不共享的规范性承诺。冲突和合作的 NGO 与国家之间的动力来自许多促成 NGO 兴起的、有时是相互矛盾的自由价值观。非政府组织可以体现三种自由价值观：公民社会的愿景可以强调政治自由、基于市场的私人行动愿景或普遍主义。国家可能会接受其中一些价值观，同时拒绝其他价值观。因此，尽管 NGO 畅通无阻的崛起时代可能已经结束，但 NGO 不断变化的政治空间并不意味着其影响力的终结。