Responding with self-compassion to lapses in goal pursuit helps people to achieve their goals, yet evidence suggests that some people struggle to respond with self-compassion. The current research proposes that social cognition models such the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Prototype Willingness Model could explain why some people, such as those high in perfectionistic concerns, struggle to respond with self-compassion. We therefore conducted a pre-registered prospective study that measured participants’ beliefs about self-compassion, difficulties enacting self-compassionate responding, perfectionistic concerns, and then tested their ability to be self-compassionate in response to a recalled and future lapse. The results showed that participants were less likely to respond with self-compassion to lapses if they held negative beliefs about self-compassion and experienced difficulties enacting self-compassion. Participants high in perfectionistic concerns were more likely to have negative beliefs about self-compassion and experience difficulties enacting self-compassion. Together, these findings provide evidence that social cognition models can be used to understand self-compassionate responding and identify why some people struggle to respond with self-compassion to goal lapses.

中文翻译：

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使用社会认知模型来理解为什么完美主义者等人难以用自我同情来回应

用自我同情来应对目标追求中的失误有助于人们实现目标，但有证据表明，有些人很难用自我同情来应对。目前的研究表明，计划行为理论和原型意愿模型等社会认知模型可以解释为什么有些人，例如那些高度关注完美主义的人，很难以自我同情来回应。因此，我们进行了一项预先注册的前瞻性研究，衡量参与者对自我慈悲的信念、做出自我慈悲回应的困难、完美主义的担忧，然后测试他们在回忆和未来的失误时自我慈悲的能力。结果表明，如果参与者对自我慈悲持消极信念并且在实施自我慈悲时遇到困难，他们就不太可能对失误做出自我慈悲的反应。高度关注完美主义的参与者更有可能对自我慈悲抱有消极信念，并且在实施自我慈悲时遇到困难。总之，这些发现提供的证据表明，社会认知模型可用于理解自我同情的反应，并确定为什么有些人难以用自我同情来应对目标失误。