Management of fish populations and ecosystems suffers from data and knowledge gaps, particularly with respect to how humans and nature affect dynamics at multi-decadal and longer time scales. However, collection of new data which indicates population or ecosystem status is slow and expensive. Here we analyse c. 110 years of neglected fishery data for an overexploited top predator, swordfish, in the Mediterranean Sea. These data are available at scales of high time–space–biological resolution (i.e., sub-weekly, sub-regional sea; individual weights) and allow different ecological questions to be addressed than is possible with coarsely scaled data (e.g., annually resolved total catches aggregated over large sea areas). We constructed regional indicators of population status (relative abundance, mean individual size and its variability, migration phenology) covering most of the 20th century, and pre-dating other population datasets by 50–70 years. The length and duration of these new time series allowed detection of significant multi-annual/decadal variations in abundance and mean weight not detectable in shorter, more recent time series. These new data and evidence of multi-annual variability in population variables improve knowledge of Mediterranean swordfish ecology. The findings provide a new basis on which further historical data recovery and analysis of contemporary data can provide new perspectives and opportunities for quantifying vulnerability of populations to exploitation and climate change.

中文翻译：

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被忽视的渔业数据源作为地中海旗鱼（剑鱼，剑鱼科）工业化前生态特性的指标

鱼类种群和生态系统的管理受到数据和知识差距的影响，特别是在人类和自然如何影响多年代和更长时间尺度的动态方面。然而，收集表明人口或生态系统状况的新数据是缓慢且昂贵的。这里我们分析c。地中海过度捕捞的顶级捕食者箭鱼 110 年被忽视的渔业数据。这些数据可在高时空生物分辨率的尺度（即次周次、次区域海；个体权重）下获得，并且与粗尺度数据（例如，每年解决的总大片海域的总渔获量）。我们构建了人口状况的区域指标（相对丰度、平均个体大小及其变异性、迁移物候）涵盖了 20 世纪的大部分时间，并且比其他人口数据集早了 50-70 年。这些新时间序列的长度和持续时间允许检测在更短、更近的时间序列中无法检测到的丰度和平均重量的显着的多年/年代际变化。这些新数据和种群变量多年变化的证据提高了对地中海旗鱼生态学的认识。这些发现提供了一个新的基础，进一步的历史数据恢复和当代数据分析可以为量化人口对剥削和气候变化的脆弱性提供新的视角和机会。这些新时间序列的长度和持续时间允许检测在更短、更近的时间序列中无法检测到的丰度和平均重量的显着的多年/年代际变化。这些新数据和种群变量多年变化的证据提高了对地中海旗鱼生态学的认识。这些发现提供了一个新的基础，进一步的历史数据恢复和当代数据分析可以为量化人口对剥削和气候变化的脆弱性提供新的视角和机会。这些新时间序列的长度和持续时间允许检测在更短、更近的时间序列中无法检测到的丰度和平均重量的显着的多年/年代际变化。这些新数据和种群变量多年变化的证据提高了对地中海旗鱼生态学的认识。这些发现提供了一个新的基础，进一步的历史数据恢复和当代数据分析可以为量化人口对剥削和气候变化的脆弱性提供新的视角和机会。