Sweden has allowed immigrants from any country to obtain residence permits for entrepreneurship since 2008. The aim of this study was to explore the outcome of this policy. The study adds time perspective and superdiversity and operationalizes the mixed embeddedness framework to facilitate a quantitative study on three levels of analysis. Detailed register data for two cohorts of immigrants—those who arrived four years before and those who arrived four years after the reform—are used. The results confirm the usefulness of the mixed embeddedness model, that is the institutional regulative context, economic and social context, and individual resources, in the analysis of immigrant entrepreneurship. However, the study shows that the propensity to engage in entrepreneurship is more affected for refugees and students than for migrants with a residence permit for work and entrepreneurship. This indicates a need for further facilitating the process to immigrate for entrepreneurial reasons.

中文翻译：

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瑞典移民政策自由化与新移民企业家

自 2008 年以来，瑞典允许来自任何国家的移民获得创业居留许可。本研究的目的是探索这一政策的结果。该研究加入时间视角和超多样性，并操作混合嵌入框架，以促进三个分析层次的定量研究。使用了两组移民的详细登记数据——四年前到达的移民和改革后四年到达的移民。结果证实了混合嵌入模型（即制度监管背景、经济和社会背景以及个人资源）在移民创业分析中的有效性。然而，研究表明，与持有工作和创业居留许可的移民相比，难民和学生的创业倾向受到的影响更大。这表明需要进一步促进出于创业原因移民的过程。