Bioavailability of dietary β-carotene (BC) is dependent on dose, quantity, dispersion, and presence of fat in the diet. Fats are comprised of a variety of fatty acids, which may impact the bioavailability of carotenoids. However, there is a gap in research on whether specific fatty acid classes affect serum BC concentrations in population samples. The primary objective of this study was to assess the association between reported fat and fatty acid intake and serum BC concentrations utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2006. Data from 3278 NHANES participants 20–85 years old were analyzed to estimate the relationships between serum BC concentrations and reported saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid intakes. Multiple linear regression estimated ln(serum BC) based on reported fatty acid intakes adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and reported dietary BC intakes. Mean and standard error (SE) for serum BC concentrations were 14.31 ± 0.05 μg/dl. Means and SE for total fat, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA were 85.7 ± 1.3, 26.9 ± 0.4, 31.1 ± 0.5, and 17.8 ± 0.4 g, respectively. There was a significant trend for association between serum BC and reported total fat intakes (r = −0.002, p < 0.0001), but the association was not strong. Multiple linear regression showed positive associations between serum BC concentrations and higher reported dietary PUFA consumption. PUFA alpha-linolenic acid intakes are positively associated with serum BC concentrations, while MUFA palmitoleic acid and SFA stearic acid were inversely associated with serum BC. The inverse association between MUFA and SFA suggests there may be multiple post-digestion factors affecting serum carotenoid concentrations.

中文翻译：

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根据国家健康和检查调查，血清β-胡萝卜素浓度与美国成年人自我报告的脂肪酸摄入量有关

膳食 β-胡萝卜素 (BC) 的生物利用度取决于膳食中脂肪的剂量、数量、分散度和存在情况。脂肪由多种脂肪酸组成，可能会影响类胡萝卜素的生物利用度。然而，关于特定脂肪酸类别是否会影响人群样本中血清 BC 浓度的研究存在空白。本研究的主要目的是利用 2003-2006 年国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的数据评估报告的脂肪和脂肪酸摄入量与血清 BC 浓度之间的关联。分析了来自 3278 名 20-85 岁的 NHANES 参与者的数据，以估计血清 BC 浓度与报告的饱和 (SFA)、单不饱和 (MUFA) 和多不饱和 (PUFA) 脂肪酸摄入量之间的关系。多元线性回归估计 ln（血清 BC）基于报告的根据年龄、性别、种族/民族调整的脂肪酸摄入量和报告的膳食 BC 摄入量。血清 BC 浓度的平均值和标准误差 (SE) 为 14.31 ± 0.05 μg/dl。总脂肪、SFA、MUFA 和 PUFA 的平均值和 SE 分别为 85.7 ± 1.3、26.9 ± 0.4、31.1 ± 0.5 和 17.8 ± 0.4 g。血清 BC 与报告的总脂肪摄入量之间存在显着关联趋势（r  = -0.002, p  < 0.0001)，但相关性不强。多元线性回归显示血清 BC 浓度与报告的膳食 PUFA 消耗量呈正相关。PUFA α-亚麻酸摄入量与血清 BC 浓度呈正相关，而 MUFA 棕榈油酸和 SFA 硬脂酸与血清 BC 呈负相关。MUFA 和 SFA 之间的负相关表明可能存在多种影响血清类胡萝卜素浓度的消化后因素。