Abstract

Contemporary zoos are facing a complex set of conditions: they conduct scientific studies aimed at the conservation of species and their habitats on the one hand, and pursue the involvement of the audience in the protection and care of nature on the other. Looking around the world of zoos, only a few have been able to evolve into complex conservation centres. The development process takes decades, and the challenge is comparable to the transition of menageries into zoological gardens in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This article conveys how landscape architecture can contribute to this metamorphosis by increasing the wellbeing of confined animals and discovering strategies to foster the transformation of even the oldest zoo into a modern scientific institution. While the survey concentrates on the spatial development of Tiergarten Schönbrunn and the environmental quality of animal enclosures (thus on animal welfare), the discussion explores the correlation between the changing operation strategies and the visitors’ experience in the light of landscape architecture.

摘要

当代动物园面临着一系列复杂的条件：一方面进行旨在保护物种及其栖息地的科学研究，另一方面追求观众参与自然的保护和关爱。环顾动物园的世界，只有少数能够演变成复杂的保护中心。发展过程需要数十年，其挑战堪比 18 世纪和 19 世纪从动物园到动物园的转变。这篇文章传达了景观建筑如何通过增加圈养动物的福祉和发现促进将最古老的动物园转变为现代科学机构的策略来促进这种变态。