Upcycling Silicon Photovoltaic Waste into Thermoelectrics,Advanced Materials

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Upcycling Silicon Photovoltaic Waste into Thermoelectrics
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-07 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110518
Jing Cao ₁ , Ying Sim _{2,

3} , Xian Yi Tan _{1,

4} , Jie Zheng ₁ , Sheau Wei Chien ₁ , Ning Jia ₄ , Kewei Chen ₅ , Yeow Boon Tay _{2,

4,

6} , Jin-Feng Dong ₄ , Le Yang _{1,

7} , Hong Kuan Ng ₁ , Hongfei Liu ₁ , Chee Kiang Ivan Tan ₁ , Guofeng Xie ₈ , Qiang Zhu ₁ , Zibiao Li _{1,

7,

9} , Gang Zhang ₁₀ , Lei Hu ₁₁ , Yun Zheng ₁₂ , Jianwei Xu ₁ , Qingyu Yan ₄ , Xian Jun Loh ₁ , Nripan Mathews _{2,

3,

4} , Jing Wu _{1,

7} , Ady Suwardi _{1,

7}

Affiliation

Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
Singapore-CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE), School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China.
Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), A*STAR, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Singapore.
Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, P. R. China.

Two decades after the rapid expansion of photovoltaics, the number of solar panels reaching end-of-life is increasing. While precious metals such as silver and copper are usually recycled, silicon, which makes up the bulk of a solar cells, goes to landfills. This is due to the defect- and impurity-sensitive nature in most silicon-based technologies, rendering it uneconomical to purify waste silicon. Thermoelectrics represents a rare class of material in which defects and impurities can be engineered to enhance the performance. This is because of the majority-carrier nature, making it defect- and impurity-tolerant. Here, the upcycling of silicon from photovoltaic (PV) waste into thermoelectrics is enabled. This is done by doping 1% Ge and 4% P, which results in a figure of merit (zT) of 0.45 at 873 K, the highest among silicon-based thermoelectrics. The work represents an important piece of the puzzle in realizing a circular economy for photovoltaics and electronic waste.

中文翻译：

将硅光伏废料升级为热电材料

在光伏技术迅速扩张的二十年后，达到使用寿命的太阳能电池板数量正在增加。虽然银和铜等贵金属通常被回收利用，但构成太阳能电池主体的硅却被送往垃圾填埋场。这是由于大多数基于硅的技术对缺陷和杂质敏感，这使得纯化废硅变得不经济。热电材料代表了一种罕见的材料，其中可以设计缺陷和杂质以提高性能。这是因为多数载流子的性质，使其能够容忍缺陷和杂质。在这里，可以将光伏 (PV) 废料中的硅升级为热电材料。这是通过掺杂 1% Ge 和 4% P 来实现的，这会产生品质因数 ( zT) 在 873 K 时为 0.45，是硅基热电材料中最高的。这项工作代表了实现光伏和电子废物循环经济的重要难题。

更新日期：2022-03-07

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