This paper uses qualitative data conducted in São Paulo, Brazil with those who possessed the capability to emigrate yet had chosen to remain in place. It explores the strategies these ‘stayers’ employed to create and reproduce a sense of belonging to place in the midst of political disruption and alienation. This is in the context of Brazil's lava jato (car wash) political corruption scandal which culminated in the election of President Bolsonaro and affected many Brazilian citizens' sense of belonging. Particular attention is paid to the way articulations of subnational and supranational scales of belonging relate to the national. Belonging at the national scale remains salient but through a process of interpolation with affective, local, urban and cosmopolitan forms of belonging. Immobility thus becomes an active practice through the (re)imagining and re-scaling of a sense of belonging. Developing this concept of ‘active’ immobility recognises immobility as a phenomenon that is driven by individual and structural elements that are as diverse and dynamic as those that affect mobility. The paper contributes to debates about the relationship between forms of local national and cosmopolitan belonging.

中文翻译：

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重新想象属于巴西：危机时期的主动不动

本文使用了在巴西圣保罗对那些有能力移民但选择留在原地的人进行的定性数据。它探讨了这些“留守者”在政治混乱和疏离中创造和再现归属感的策略。这是在巴西熔岩 jato的背景下（洗车）政治腐败丑闻，最终导致博尔森罗总统的选举，并影响了许多巴西公民的归属感。特别关注次国家和超国家归属尺度与国家相关的表达方式。全国范围内的归属感仍然很突出，但通过情感、地方、城市和世界性归属形式的插值过程。因此，通过（重新）想象和重新调整归属感，不动性成为一种积极的实践。发展“主动”不动这一概念将不动视为一种由个体和结构因素驱动的现象，这些因素与影响移动的因素一样多样化和动态。