Biological soil crusts (BSCs) could strengthen soil particles, increase soil nutrients, and reduce soil erosion. However, available information on stabilizing mine tailing sand by induced BSCs is lacking. In this study, a native microalgae (i.e., Coelastrella sp.) and two fungi (i.e., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.) isolated from Cu mine tailing sand were inoculated onto the tailing sand in different manners. After being inoculated for 90 days, microorganisms could effectively colonize and form BSCs on the surface of the tailing sand, as proven by scanning electron microscopy images and growth parameters, and the dual inoculation of microalgae and fungi showed synergistic effects on the improved soil properties. Compared with the control treatment, the microorganism co-inoculation group had increased organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, soil moisture, sucrase activity, and microbial biomass carbon by 55.41%, 27.18%, 6.29%, 471%, and 216%, respectively; decreased pH from 9.09 to 8.95; and decreased bioavailable Cu content and bulk density by 15.43% and 6.30%, respectively. This finding indicated that the formation of BSCs could effectively improve the soil properties of mine tailing sand. The composition of dissolved organic matters analyzed by excitation–emission matrix showed that the increase in carbon content in tailing sand was predominantly caused by microalgae and fungi. These results indicated that the use of native microorganisms to construct biological crusts could effectively improve the properties of tailing sand and increase the nutrient content, and it could be used as a new method for tailing restoration.

生物土壤结皮（BSCs）可以强化土壤颗粒，增加土壤养分，减少土壤侵蚀。然而，缺乏关于通过诱导 BSC 稳定尾矿砂的可用信息。在这项研究中，一种原生微藻（即Coelastrella sp.）和两种真菌（即Aspergillus sp. 和Penicillium从铜矿尾矿砂中分离出的sp.)以不同的方式接种到尾矿砂上。扫描电镜图像和生长参数证明，接种90天后，微生物可以在尾砂表面有效定殖并形成BSCs，微藻和真菌双重接种对改善土壤性质具有协同作用。与对照处理相比，微生物共接种组的有机碳、阳离子交换量、土壤水分、蔗糖酶活性和微生物生物量碳分别提高了55.41%、27.18%、6.29%、471%和216%；pH值从9.09降低到8.95；并将生物可利用铜含量和体积密度分别降低 15.43% 和 6.30%。这一发现表明，BSCs的形成可以有效改善尾矿砂的土壤性质。通过激发-发射矩阵分析溶解有机物的组成表明尾砂中碳含量的增加主要是由微藻和真菌引起的。这些结果表明，利用原生微生物构建生物结皮可有效改善尾矿砂的性质，增加养分含量，可作为尾矿修复的一种新方法。