Investigating the effects of soil properties on herbicide persistence can aid in evaluating the carryover potential of herbicides in soil and the consequent injury risk to rotational crops. Laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to quantify the persistence of atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, and topramezone in five regional soils under aerobic conditions at 23 °C. Additionally, mesosulfuron-methyl persistence was tested at 7 °C, which is representative of regional average winter soil temperature. Herbicide half-life was calculated with the logarithmic form of first-order rate of degradation using linear regression and was correlated with soil properties. Half-lives of atrazine (37–73 d) and topramezone (15–19 d) varied among soil types at 23 °C. Mesosulfuron-methyl half-life varied among soils at 7 °C (8.8–9.8 d) and 23 °C (5.4–5.8 d) and between temperatures. Atrazine and topramezone half-lives were shortest in Candor sand (4% clay, 1.8% organic matter [OM], pH 5.1) and longest in Portsmouth sandy loam (13% clay, 5.3% OM, pH 4.3). Mesosulfuron-methyl half-life was longer at lower soil temperature. Half-lives of atrazine, mesosulfuron-methyl, and topramezone were correlated with soil OM content (r = .83, −.53, and .63, respectively) and pH (r = −.86, .55, and −.57). Additionally, atrazine and topramezone half-lives were positively correlated with soil clay content (r = .83 and .71), and mesosulfuron-methyl half-life was negatively correlated with temperature (r = −.97). Correlations between soil OM content, clay content, and pH among soil types may have influenced herbicide persistence.

中文翻译：

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北卡罗来纳州土壤中的莠去津、甲基磺隆和唑草胺持久性

调查土壤特性对除草剂持久性的影响有助于评估除草剂在土壤中的残留潜力以及由此对轮作作物造成的伤害风险。进行了实验室孵化实验，以量化 23 °C 需氧条件下五种区域土壤中阿特拉津、甲磺隆和甲磺隆的持久性。此外，甲基磺隆的持久性在 7 °C 下进行了测试，该温度代表了区域冬季平均土壤温度。除草剂半衰期使用线性回归以一级降解率的对数形式计算，并与土壤性质相关。在 23 °C 的土壤类型中，阿特拉津 (37-73 天) 和托普美松 (15-19 天) 的半衰期不同。甲基磺隆半衰期在 7 °C (8.8–9.8 d) 和 23 °C (5.4–5. 8 d) 和温度之间。在 Candor 砂（4% 粘土，1.8% 有机质 [OM]，pH 5.1）中，阿特拉津和 topramezone 的半衰期最短，在朴茨茅斯砂壤土中最长（13% 粘土，5.3% OM，pH 4.3）。在较低的土壤温度下，甲基磺隆半衰期较长。莠去津、甲磺隆和甲灭灵的半衰期与土壤 OM 含量相关（r  = .83、-.53 和 .63，分别）和 pH（r  = -.86、.55 和 -.57）。此外，阿特拉津和托普美松的半衰期与土壤粘土含量呈正相关（r  = .83 和 0.71），甲基磺隆半衰期与温度呈负相关（r  = -.97）。土壤 OM 含量、粘土含量和土壤类型之间的 pH 值之间的相关性可能会影响除草剂的持久性。