Peers are critical influencers of adolescent behavior, including defending against peer victimization. The current research explored peer influence processes associated with four different types of peer-defending behaviors (comforting, reporting, solution-focused, and aggressive defending behaviors) within early adolescent friendship networks. Links with peer victimization, friendship ties, and gender were also explored. Data were collected from 334 early adolescents ages 11–14 in Canada. Participants self-reported on defending behaviors, victimization, and friendships over two time-points, 8–10 weeks apart. Data were analyzed using Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOMs). After controlling for friendship network structure and peer selection for defending behaviors, results indicated significant peer socialization effects for comforting, reporting, and solution-focused defending. For solution-focused defending only, the peer socialization effect was significantly stronger for girls than for boys. There were no significant selection effects across defending behaviors. In terms of social outcomes, youth with higher levels of reporting tended to have higher levels of peer victimization (and vice versa). Peer victimization was also positively associated with aggressive defending. Defending behaviors were generally unrelated to changes in friendship ties. Overall, these results highlight how friendships contribute to the development of peer-defending behaviors and emphasize the need to examine defending as a multidimensional behavior.

中文翻译：

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友谊、防御行为和同伴受害的共同演化：短期纵向社会网络分析

同伴是青少年行为的关键影响者，包括防止同伴受害。目前的研究探讨了与青少年早期友谊网络中四种不同类型的同伴防御行为（安慰、报告、以解决方案为中心和攻击性防御行为）相关的同伴影响过程。还探讨了与同伴受害、友谊关系和性别的联系。数据来自加拿大 334 名 11-14 岁的早期青少年。参与者在相隔 8-10 周的两个时间点上自我报告了捍卫行为、受害和友谊。使用面向随机参与者的模型 (SAOM) 分析数据。在控制了友谊网络结构和保护行为的同伴选择后，结果表明安慰行为的同伴社会化效应显着，报告和以解决方案为中心的防御。仅针对以解决方案为中心的防守，女孩的同伴社会化效应明显强于男孩。在防御行为中没有显着的选择效应。在社会成果方面，报告水平较高的青年往往具有较高水平的同伴受害（反之亦然）。同伴受害也与攻击性防御呈正相关。防御行为通常与友谊关系的变化无关。总体而言，这些结果突出了友谊如何促进同伴防御行为的发展，并强调需要将防御视为一种多维行为。在防御行为中没有显着的选择效应。在社会成果方面，报告水平较高的青年往往具有较高水平的同伴受害（反之亦然）。同伴受害也与攻击性防御呈正相关。防御行为通常与友谊关系的变化无关。总体而言，这些结果突出了友谊如何促进同伴防御行为的发展，并强调需要将防御视为一种多维行为。在防御行为中没有显着的选择效应。在社会成果方面，报告水平较高的青年往往具有较高水平的同伴受害（反之亦然）。同伴受害也与攻击性防御呈正相关。防御行为通常与友谊关系的变化无关。总体而言，这些结果突出了友谊如何促进同伴防御行为的发展，并强调需要将防御视为一种多维行为。防御行为通常与友谊关系的变化无关。总体而言，这些结果突出了友谊如何促进同伴防御行为的发展，并强调需要将防御视为一种多维行为。防御行为通常与友谊关系的变化无关。总体而言，这些结果突出了友谊如何促进同伴防御行为的发展，并强调需要将防御视为一种多维行为。