The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a perceptual illusion in which one is made to feel that a hand-shaped object is part of their body. This illusion is believed to be the result of the integration of afferent information. However, there has been an increasing amount of evidence that suggests efferent information plays a role in this illusion as well. Previous research has found that individuals who are afflicted by pathological lack of movement experience the RHI more vividly than control participants. Whereas individuals who move their hands more than the general population (i.e. professional pianists) experience the RHI less vividly than control participants. Based upon the available evidence it would seem that muscle activity prior to experiencing the RHI should be associated with how vividly one experiences different indices of the illusion. In the present study we tested this possibility by having participants perform a maximum voluntary muscle contraction task prior to experiencing three variants of the RHI (moving active, moving passive and classic). It was found that electromyographic features known to be indicative of muscle fatigue exhibited a positive association with proprioceptive drift when stimulation was synchronous or visual movement only (with the exception of the passive moving RHI synchronous condition). More work is needed to better characterize the muscular processes associated with experiencing the RHI.

橡胶手错觉 (RHI) 是一种知觉错觉，让人感觉手形物体是他们身体的一部分。这种错觉被认为是传入信息整合的结果。然而，越来越多的证据表明传出信息也在这种错觉中发挥作用。先前的研究发现，受病态运动缺乏困扰的个体比对照组参与者更生动地体验 RHI。而比一般人群（即专业钢琴家）移动手更多的人比控制参与者更不生动地体验 RHI。根据现有证据，在经历 RHI 之前的肌肉活动似乎应该与一个人体验不同幻觉指数的生动程度有关。在本研究中，我们通过让参与者在体验 RHI 的三种变体（主动运动、被动运动和经典运动）之前执行最大的自愿肌肉收缩任务来测试这种可能性。结果发现，当刺激是同步的或仅视觉运动时（被动移动 RHI 同步条件除外），已知指示肌肉疲劳的肌电图特征与本体感觉漂移呈正相关。需要做更多的工作来更好地描述与体验 RHI 相关的肌肉过程。结果发现，当刺激是同步的或仅视觉运动时（被动移动 RHI 同步条件除外），已知指示肌肉疲劳的肌电图特征与本体感觉漂移呈正相关。需要做更多的工作来更好地描述与体验 RHI 相关的肌肉过程。结果发现，当刺激是同步的或仅视觉运动时（被动移动 RHI 同步条件除外），已知指示肌肉疲劳的肌电图特征与本体感觉漂移呈正相关。需要做更多的工作来更好地描述与体验 RHI 相关的肌肉过程。