In this paper, the methods retrieving tide and SWH using reflected BeiDou GEO satellite signals are proposed, and a data-driven method is proposed to calibrate sea state bias of the retrieved tide. In addition, an estimator combining multi-satellite observation based on linear unbiased minimum variance (LUMV) is developed to improve the retrieved precision. The B1I signal experiments in Qingdao and Shenzhen show after calibrating sea state influence using the proposed method, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) could fall to 0.40 m from 0.45 m, and compared to the single-satellite observation, the multi-satellite observation based on the LUMV estimator could significantly reduce the RMSE of the retrieved tide to 0.16 m. Shenzhen experiment is also used to evaluate the performance of retrieving SWH and the determination coefficient of 0.60 is obtained. This paper also conducts Monte Carlo simulation and experiment to evaluate the altimetry and measuring SWH precision using reflected B3I signal. The simulated results when SNR is over 5 dB, incoherent averaging number is 10000, and the receiver bandwidth is over 45 MHz, the estimated precision of the delay can reach up \(\sim \)0.15 m, and the precision of the normalized area ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 m. The B3I experiment show that compared to B1I signal, when the reflected signal from individual satellite is used, the better precision with the RMSE of 0.25 can be obtained, and when combining the measurements from the three satellites using LUMV estimator, the RMSE reduces to 0.16 m. Further, the precision of 0.12 m can be obtained by calibrating the sea state influence.

本文提出了利用北斗GEO卫星反射信号反演潮汐和SWH的方法，并提出了一种数据驱动的方法来校准反演潮汐的海况偏差。此外，为了提高反演精度，开发了一种基于线性无偏最小方差（LUMV）的多卫星观测相结合的估计器。在青岛和深圳的 B1I 信号实验表明，采用该方法标定海况影响后，均方根误差 (RMSE) 可以从 0.45 m 下降到 0.40 m，与单星观测相比，多星观测基于 LUMV 估计的卫星观测可以显着降低反演潮汐的 RMSE 至 0.16 m。深圳实验也用于评价检索 SWH 的性能，确定系数为 0。获得60。本文还进行了蒙特卡罗模拟和实验，以评估使用反射 B3I 信号的测高和测量 SWH 精度。当信噪比大于5dB，非相干平均数为10000，接收机带宽大于45MHz时的仿真结果，时延估计精度可达\(\sim \) 0.15 m，归一化区域的精度范围为 0.2 到 0.3 m。B3I实验表明，与B1I信号相比，使用单个卫星的反射信号时，可以得到更好的精度，RMSE为0.25，使用LUMV估计器结合三颗卫星的测量值时，RMSE降低到0.16米。此外，通过标定海况影响，可以获得0.12 m的精度。