Although deciduous forests are usually associated with high levels of arthropod availability, bats seem to adjust their phenological requirements also as a response to other ecological and environmental conditions. In order to assess the potential influence of these conditions on bat activity phenological patterns, a peri-urban deciduous forest was selected as representative Mediterranean habitat, dominated by sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa L.) and English oaks (Quercus robur L.). Data on bat activity, arthropod biomass, primary production, and weather conditions were collected with a fortnightly periodicity, between March and October. To conduct the dataset analyses, we considered three different bats phenological periods. Our approach suggests that bat activity, food resource availability, and primary production are interdependent throughout the bat phenological periods. Moreover, in order to understand the potential multi-factor relationships for each specific phenological period, a generalized linear mixed effect model was applied. The results suggest that bat activity in deciduous forests was influenced by different drivers’ during each phenological period. The bat activity in the post-hibernation season was mainly influenced by wind speed, air temperature, and humidity. In the breeding season arthropod biomass, wind speed and temperature were the most significant variables to explain bat activity. Primary production was the only variable with statistical influence on bat activity in the pre-hibernation season. This integrative approach represents a step forward in evaluating seasonal habitat suitability for bats, which can be used in the future to guide the deciduous forest management for conservation purposes.

尽管落叶林通常与高水平的节肢动物可用性有关，但蝙蝠似乎也在调整其物候要求，以应对其他生态和环境条件。为了评估这些条件对蝙蝠活动物候模式的潜在影响，选择了一个以甜栗树（Castanea sativa L.）和英国橡树（Quercus robur ）为主的城市周边落叶林作为代表性的地中海栖息地L.)。在 3 月至 10 月期间，每两周收集一次有关蝙蝠活动、节肢动物生物量、初级生产和天气条件的数据。为了进行数据集分析，我们考虑了三种不同的蝙蝠物候期。我们的方法表明，蝙蝠活动、食物资源可用性和初级生产在整个蝙蝠物候期是相互依赖的。此外，为了了解每个特定物候期的潜在多因素关系，应用了广义线性混合效应模型。结果表明，落叶林中蝙蝠的活动受到每个物候期不同驱动因素的影响。冬眠后季节的蝙蝠活动主要受风速、气温和湿度的影响。在繁殖季节节肢动物的生物量，风速和温度是解释蝙蝠活动的最重要变量。初级生产是对冬眠前季节蝙蝠活动有统计影响的唯一变量。这种综合方法代表了在评估蝙蝠的季节性栖息地适宜性方面迈出了一步，未来可用于指导落叶林管理以实现保护目的。