European Journal of Plant Pathology ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s10658-022-02487-w Ivana Šola 1 , Gordana Rusak 1 , Jutta Ludwig-Müller 2
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Knowledge on the interaction between non-vascular plants and pathogens is very scarce. This study is the first to report on the transmission of a satellite-associated cucumber mosaic virus (CMVsat) into the moss Physcomitrium patens, and only the second report on the successful mechanical inoculation of a virus into P. patens. Inoculation was successful on agar and on soil, the latter possibly constituting a more natural environment for the interaction. Additionally, this growth condition allowed the monitoring of the infection for an extended period of time without contamination. The concentration of the CMVsat coat protein was higher in plants incubated for 10 days than those incubated for 5 days. The CMVsat infection did not activate the biosynthesis of salicylic acid in moss. Flavonoids were predominantly located near the outer part of the P. patens cell and in the nucleus, the major compound was quercetin and its concentration was higher after infection. Moreover, the concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) also increased. The level of CMVsat was lower in GH3-double knockouts which, under control conditions, showed higher IAA levels than wild type, and IAA did not change after infection in GH3-double knockouts. The high IAA concentrations in the knockouts could have been a factor that reduced viral infection. An interaction between SA, quercetin and IAA during the response of P. patens towards CMVsat is possible and therefore a challenging subject for future research.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
苔藓Physcommitrium patens对水杨酸、槲皮素和吲哚-3-乙酸水平的卫星相关黄瓜花叶病毒感染的反应
关于非维管植物与病原体之间相互作用的知识非常匮乏。这项研究是第一个报道卫星相关黄瓜花叶病毒 (CMVsat) 传播到苔藓 Physcommitrium patens中的研究，也是关于将病毒成功机械接种到P. patens中的第二个报告. 在琼脂和土壤上接种成功，后者可能为相互作用构成更自然的环境。此外，这种生长条件允许在没有污染的情况下长时间监测感染。培养 10 天的植物中 CMVsat 外壳蛋白的浓度高于培养 5 天的植物。CMVsat 感染没有激活苔藓中水杨酸的生物合成。黄酮类化合物主要分布在P. patens细胞的外部附近和细胞核中，主要化合物是槲皮素，感染后其浓度较高。此外，吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）的浓度也增加了。GH3中的 CMVsat 水平较低-双敲除，在对照条件下，显示出比野生型更高的IAA水平，并且在GH3-双敲除中感染后IAA没有变化。敲除中的高 IAA 浓度可能是减少病毒感染的一个因素。在P. patens对 CMVsat的反应过程中，SA、槲皮素和 IAA 之间的相互作用是可能的，因此是未来研究的一个具有挑战性的课题。
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