Spectral line-shape models are an important part of understanding high-energy-density (HED) plasmas. Models are needed for calculating opacity of materials and can serve as diagnostics for astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. However, much of the literature on line shapes is directed toward specialists. This perspective makes it difficult for non-specialists to enter the field. We have two broad goals with this topical review. First, we aim to give information so that others in HED physics may better understand the current field. This first goal may help guide future experiments to test different aspects of the theory. Second, we provide an introduction for those who might be interested in line-shape theory, and enough materials to be able to navigate the field and the literature. We give a high-level overview of line broadening process, as well as dive into the formalism, available methods, and approximations.

中文翻译：

---

谱线形状理论简介

谱线形状模型是理解高能量密度 (HED) 等离子体的重要组成部分。计算材料的不透明度需要模型，并且可以用作天体物理学和实验室等离子体的诊断。然而，许多关于线形的文献都是针对专家的。这种观点使得非专业人士很难进入该领域。我们有两个广泛的目标与这个专题审查。首先，我们旨在提供信息，以便 HED 物理领域的其他人可以更好地了解当前领域。这第一个目标可能有助于指导未来的实验来测试该理论的不同方面。其次，我们为那些可能对线形理论感兴趣的人提供了介绍，并提供了足够的材料来导航该领域和文献。我们对线扩展过程进行了高级概述，