We investigate time inequity as an explanatory mechanism for gendered physical activity disparity. Our mixed-effect generalized linear model with two-stage residual inclusion framework uses longitudinal data, capturing differing exchanges and trade-offs in time resources. The first stage estimates within-household exchanges of paid and family work hours. Estimates show that men’s employment increases women’s family work hours while reducing their own, whereas women’s employment weakly affects men’s family time. Incorporating unequal household exchange into the second stage reveals that as women’s paid or family work hours increase, physical activity goes down. In contrast, men’s physical activity is unaffected by paid work hours, and family time appears protective. Control over work time further underscores gendered time exchange: Men’s activity increases with own or partner’s control, whereas women’s increases only with their own. Our approach reveals how men’s and women’s unequal capability to use time creates differing trade-offs between work, family, and physical activity, generating health inequity.

我们调查时间不公平作为性别体育活动差异的解释机制。我们具有两阶段残差包含框架的混合效应广义线性模型使用纵向数据，捕捉不同的交换和时间资源的权衡。第一阶段估计有偿和家庭工作时间的家庭内部交换。估计表明，男性的就业增加了女性的家庭工作时间，同时减少了她们自己的工作时间，而女性的就业对男性的家庭时间影响很小。将不平等的家庭交换纳入第二阶段表明，作为女性的有偿或家庭工作时间增加，体力活动减少。相比之下，男性的身体活动不受带薪工作时间的影响，而家庭时间似乎具有保护作用。对工作时间的控制进一步强调了性别化的时间交换：男性的活动随着自己或伴侣的控制而增加，而女性的活动仅随着自己的控制而增加。我们的方法揭示了男性和女性利用时间的能力不平等如何在工作、家庭和身体活动之间产生不同的权衡，从而产生健康不平等。