Reverse electrodialysis (RED) generates electricity from a mixture of seawater and river water. Herein, patterned membranes consisting of ultra-thin pore-filling membranes (16-μm thick) were used to determine whether the RED system operates steadily when using natural underground seawater and sewage effluent and if the membranes become polluted by various foulants. The flat stack performances, comprising flat membranes and woven-type spacers, were compared with those of the pattern stack, comprising patterned membranes with mirror-imaged wavy lines. The pattern stack clearly reduced the pressure drop and maintained the power within 40% of the initial value, and the flat stack significantly increased to 3 bar inside the sewage effluent and decreased the power to 20% of the initial value. Both anion and cation exchange-surface membranes showed organic fouling and scaling, with more significant fouling in the flat stack. The patterned membranes used here provide a powerful solution to reduce fouling inside RED stacks.

反向电渗析 (RED) 从海水和河水的混合物中发电。在此，使用由超薄孔隙填充膜（16 微米厚）组成的图案膜来确定 RED 系统在使用天然地下海水和污水时是否稳定运行，以及膜是否被各种污染物污染。将包含平面膜和编织型间隔物的平面堆叠性能与包含具有镜像波浪线的图案化膜的图案堆叠的性能进行比较。图案烟囱明显降低了压降并将功率保持在初始值的40%以内，而扁平烟囱在污水出水内显着增加至3 bar并将功率降低至初始值的20%。阴离子和阳离子交换表面膜均显示有机污染和结垢，在扁平烟囱中污染更严重。这里使用的图案化膜提供了一种强大的解决方案，可以减少 RED 烟囱内的污垢。