Previous studies evaluating the association between skipping breakfast and hypertension in adult population showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association. Observational studies which evaluated the relationship between skipping breakfast and hypertension in adult population with multivariate analyses were identified by systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random-effect model which incorporated the potential intrastudy heterogeneity was used for the meta-analysis. A total of six observational studies with 14189 adults were included, and 3577 of them were breakfast skippers. Pooled results showed that skipping breakfast was independently associated with hypertension in these populations (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.08 to 1.33, ) with no significant heterogeneity (I² = 0%). Sensitivity by excluding one study at a time showed consistent results (OR: 1.18 to 1.22, all <0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that the association between skipping breakfast and hypertension in adults was consistent in the general population and in patients with type 2 diabetes, in studies from different countries, in cohort and cross-sectional studies, in breakfast skippers defined as taking breakfast ≤3 days/week and as self-reported habitual breakfast skipping, and in studies with and without adjustment of body mass index (for subgroup difference, all >0.10). In conclusion, skipping breakfast is associated with hypertension in the adult population.

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不吃早餐与成人高血压有关：一项荟萃分析

先前评估成年人不吃早餐与高血压之间关联的研究显示出不一致的结果。我们进行了荟萃分析以系统地评估这种关联。通过对 PubMed、Embase 和 Web of Science 数据库的系统搜索，确定了通过多变量分析评估成年人不吃早餐与高血压之间关系的观察性研究。纳入潜在研究内异质性的随机效应模型用于荟萃分析。共纳入 6 项观察性研究，涉及 14189 名成年人，其中 3577 人不吃早餐。汇总结果显示，在这些人群中，不吃早餐与高血压独立相关（调整优势比 (OR)：1.20，95% 置信区间：1.08 至 1.33，)没有显着的异质性 ( I ²  = 0%)。一次排除一项研究的敏感性显示出一致的结果（OR：1.18 至 1.22，均<0.01）。亚组分析显示，在一般人群和 2 型糖尿病患者中，在不同国家的研究、队列和横断面研究中，在定义为吃早餐≤3 的不吃早餐者中，不吃早餐与成人高血压之间的关联是一致的天/周和自我报告的习惯性不吃早餐，以及在调整和不调整体重指数的研究中（对于亚组差异，均>0.10）。总之，不吃早餐与成年人群的高血压有关。