ABSTRACT: When escapee farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar interbreed with wild fish, the introgression of maladaptive genes can lower wild population productivity and alter key life history traits. To date, only a few European studies have compared wild, farm, and hybrid salmon under common conditions in the wild, isolating the influence of genetics on survival and fitness-related traits. Here, we examined the performance of experimentally derived Atlantic salmon fry from 4 cross types (wild, farm, and reciprocal F₁ hybrids) during the first summer of growth at 3 locations in southern Newfoundland. Overall survival was high, with the cross type rank order consistent across sites (mean percent recaptured: wild-mother hybrids 26.2% ≈ wild 26.0% > farm 19.2% > farm-mother hybrids 12.8%). Wild fish were smaller than wild-mother hybrids and farm fish, though differed less in size from farm-mother hybrids. At 2 out of 3 sites, wild-mother hybrids were larger than wild and farm-mother hybrid fish but had only a small size advantage over farm fish. Shape differences were small and mainly related to body depth, with the largest differences between wild and farm fish. Wild-mother hybrids had fewer parr marks than other cross types at a single site, and though differences in the size of marks were minimal, farm fish tended to have the narrowest marks. Overall, these results show that genetic differences exist for fitness-related traits among wild, farm, and hybrid juveniles, even over short temporal scales and under favourable environmental conditions, and may contribute to patterns of reduced farm-mother hybrid and feral farm survival in the wild.

中文翻译：

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自然界中野生、农场和杂交大西洋鲑鱼 Salmo salar parr 的相对生存和健康相关性状的公共花园比较

摘要：当逃亡者养殖的大西洋鲑鱼Salmo salar与野生鱼类杂交时，适应不良基因的渗入会降低野生种群的生产力并改变关键的生活史特征。迄今为止，只有少数欧洲研究比较了野生鲑鱼、农场鲑鱼和杂交鲑鱼在野外常见条件下的情况，从而分离出遗传对生存和健康相关性状的影响。在这里，我们检查了来自 4 种杂交类型（野生、农场和倒数 F ₁杂交种）在纽芬兰南部 3 个地点生长的第一个夏天。总体存活率很高，不同地点的杂交类型排名顺序一致（重新捕获的平均百分比：野生母系杂交种 26.2% ≈ 野生 26.0% > 农场 19.2% > 农场-母系杂交种 12.8%）。野生鱼比野生母亲杂交种和农场鱼小，但与农场母亲杂交种的大小差异较小。在三分之二的地点，野生母亲杂交鱼比野生和农场母亲杂交鱼大，但与农场鱼相比只有小尺寸优势。形状差异很小，主要与身体深度有关，野生鱼和养殖鱼之间的差异最大。与其他杂交类型相比，野生母系杂交品种在单个地点的 parr 标记较少，尽管标记大小的差异很小，但农场鱼的标记往往最窄。全面的，