Abstract

The surface decoration layers of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva and Thousand Hand Guanyin from Dazu Rock Carvings were examined using digital microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis—gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation. Gypsum was present in the preparation layer, while the painted layer included lacquer sap (urushiol). The presence of heat-bodied tung oil and resin (benzoin resin) was also detected in some painted layers. Mineral pigments were found in the painted layers, including cinnabar, lead red, orpiment, litharge, and carbon. In addition, there was a layer of gold foil on the surface of the Thousand Hand Guanyin sample. The mass percentage of gold was 96.70%. The gold foil contained gold, silver, copper, and iron as a solid solution. This study provides a reference for the study and protection of cultural relic samples from grottoes.

摘要

大足石刻普贤菩萨和千手观音的表面装饰层采用数字显微镜、能量色散光谱、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和热解-气相色谱/质谱热辅助水解和甲基化检测. 石膏存在于准备层中，而涂漆层包括漆液（漆酚）。在一些涂漆层中也检测到热体桐油和树脂（安息香树脂）的存在。在彩绘层中发现了矿物颜料，包括朱砂、铅红、雌黄、石炭和碳。此外，千手观音样品的表面还有一层金箔。金的质量百分比为96.70%。金箔含有金、银、铜、和铁作为固溶体。本研究为石窟文物样品的研究与保护提供参考。