Perceived threat in youth’s environments can elevate risk for mental health, social, and neurocognitive difficulties throughout the lifespan. However, few studies examine variability in youth’s perceptions of threat across multiple contexts or evaluate outcomes across multiple domains, ultimately limiting our understanding of specific risks associated with perceived threats in different contexts. This study examined associations between perceived threat in youth’s neighborhood, school, and family contexts at ages 9–10 and mental health, social, and neurocognitive outcomes at ages 11–12 within a large US cohort (N = 5525) enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®). Latent profile analysis revealed four distinct profiles: Low Threat in all contexts, Elevated Family Threat, Elevated Neighborhood Threat, and Elevated Threat in all contexts. Mixed-effect models and post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that youth in Elevated Threat profile had poorer mental health and social outcomes 2 years later. Youth in the Elevated Family Threat profile uniquely showed increased disruptive behavior symptoms, whereas youth in the Elevated Neighborhood Threat profile predominantly displayed increased sleep problems and worse neurocognitive outcomes 2 years later. Together, findings highlight the importance of considering perceptions of threat across multiple contexts to achieve a more nuanced developmental picture.

青少年在环境中感受到的威胁可能会增加其一生中心理健康、社交和神经认知困难的风险。然而，很少有研究考察青少年在多种背景下对威胁的看法的差异，或评估跨多个领域的结果，最终限制了我们对与不同背景下感知到的威胁相关的特定风险的理解。本研究调查了美国青少年大脑研究中心 (Adolescent Brain) 的一个大型队列 ( N = 5525)，调查了 9-10 岁青少年在社区、学校和家庭环境中感受到的威胁与 11-12 岁青少年的心理健康、社会和神经认知结果之间的关联。认知发展SM研究（ABCD 研究®）。潜在概况分析揭示了四种不同的概况：所有情况下的低威胁、家庭威胁升高、邻里威胁升高以及所有情况下威胁升高。混合效应模型和事后配对比较表明，处于高威胁状态的青少年两年后的心理健康和社会结果较差。家庭威胁程度较高的青少年独特地表现出破坏性行为症状增加，而邻里威胁程度较高的青少年在两年后主要表现出睡眠问题增加和神经认知结果恶化。总之，研究结果强调了考虑多种背景下的威胁认知的重要性，以实现更细致的发展图景。