Abstract

Hope has been conceptualized as agency and pathways to achieve goals. However, this goal-directed conceptualization does not encapsulate all situations in which hope may be beneficial. To address the dispositional motivation to endure when a desired goal seems unattainable, unlikely, or even impossible (i.e., goal-transcendent hope), we provide initial psychometric evidence for the new Persevering Hope Scale (PHS). We developed and refined the PHS with undergraduates at a public college (Study 1) and replicated our findings in a community adult sample (Study 2). We replicated and extended these findings using longitudinal data with undergraduates at a faith-based college (Study 3) and a community sample of chronically ill adults (Study 4), and examined measurement invariance (Study 5). Scores on the PHS demonstrated robust evidence of estimated internal consistency and of criterion-related, convergent/discriminant, and incremental validity. Estimated temporal stability was modest. Partial scalar invariance was evidenced across samples, and full scalar invariance was evidenced across gender, race/ethnicity, and time. These preliminary findings suggest that the PHS is a psychometrically sound measure of persevering hope. Its use can broaden the current body of literature on trait hope to include goal-transcendent hope and advance research on the nature and benefits of this important construct.

摘要

希望已被概念化为实现目标的代理和途径。然而，这种以目标为导向的概念化并没有囊括希望可能有益的所有情况。为了解决当预期目标似乎无法实现、不太可能甚至不可能（即超越目标的希望）时忍耐的倾向性动机，我们为新的坚持希望量表 (PHS) 提供了初步的心理测量学证据。我们与公立大学的本科生一起开发和改进了 PHS（研究 1），并在社区成人样本中复制了我们的发现（研究 2）。我们使用基于信仰的大学本科生（研究 3）和慢性病成人社区样本（研究 4）的纵向数据复制并扩展了这些发现，并检验了测量不变性（研究 5）。PHS 的分数证明了估计的内部一致性和标准相关、收敛/判别和增量有效性的有力证据。估计的时间稳定性是适度的。跨样本证明了部分标量不变性，跨性别、种族/民族和时间证明了完全标量不变性。这些初步调查结果表明，PHS 是一种心理测量学上对坚持希望的可靠衡量标准。它的使用可以拓宽当前关于特质希望的文献主体，将超越目标的希望包括在内，并推进对这一重要结构的性质和益处的研究。全标量不变性在性别、种族/民族和时间上得到了证明。这些初步调查结果表明，PHS 是一种心理测量学上对坚持希望的可靠衡量标准。它的使用可以拓宽当前关于特质希望的文献主体，将超越目标的希望包括在内，并推进对这一重要结构的性质和益处的研究。全标量不变性在性别、种族/民族和时间上得到了证明。这些初步调查结果表明，PHS 是一种心理测量学上对坚持希望的可靠衡量标准。它的使用可以拓宽当前关于特质希望的文献主体，将超越目标的希望包括在内，并推进对这一重要结构的性质和益处的研究。