ABSTRACT

The US and UN are two of the largest patrons of police reform programs worldwide: between 2000 and 2020, the US provided approximately $160 billion in police assistance to more than 130 countries worldwide; simultaneously, the UN spent over $77 billion supplying police-oriented security sector reform to countries experiencing or having experienced armed conflict, doing so through the deployment of peacekeeping missions and within the offices of UN Police, the UN’s hub for police reform and training programs. Though these two providers seek the same overall objective, they often vary in their specific goals: the US often engages in foreign police reform to promote its own national security objectives by increasing institutional capacity, while the UN adopts police reform programs to promote institutional constraint. The two models have important implications for how we understand bilateral and multilateral reform programs, including activities performed and recipient countries targeted across both time and space. Using originally collected data on US security assistance programs as well as a careful analysis of original data on UN mandates, this article provides the first quantitative exploration of these two different modes of assistance, comparing and contrasting their objectives and where, when, and how they are provided.

摘要

美国和联合国是全球警察改革计划的两个最大赞助者：2000 年至 2020 年间，美国向全球 130 多个国家提供了约 1600 亿美元的警察援助；同时，联合国花费超过 770 亿美元，通过部署维和特派团以及在联合国警察改革和培训计划中心联合国警察的办公室内，向经历或经历过武装冲突的国家提供以警察为导向的安全部门改革。尽管这两个提供者寻求相同的总体目标，但它们的具体目标往往不同：美国经常进行外国警察改革，通过提高机构能力来促进本国的国家安全目标，而联合国则通过警察改革计划来促进制度约束。这两种模式对我们如何理解双边和多边改革计划具有重要意义，包括跨时间和空间执行的活动和目标受援国。本文使用最初收集的有关美国安全援助计划的数据以及对联合国授权的原始数据的仔细分析，对这两种不同的援助模式进行了首次定量探索，比较和对比了它们的目标以及它们的目标、地点、时间和方式提供。