Some Employment Tribunal claims brought under the Equality Act 2010 (EqA) involve situations where a person’s protection from discrimination on the grounds of a protected characteristic—such as sex, sexual orientation or gender reassignment—comes into conflict with the rights of others, such as, for example, the right to freedom of expression or the right to manifest religion or belief under the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), or the protection from discrimination on the ground of religious or philosophical belief under the EqA itself. This article provides a critical account of the application of discrimination law in the recent cases of Forstater, Mackereth and Higgs, looking in particular at the application of the Grainger criteria, as well as relevant human rights provisions. Specifically, we offer an analysis of recent cases where claimants have alleged unlawful discrimination relating to ‘gender critical’ views about transgender people (and sex/gender more broadly), which they argue constitute protected religious and/or philosophical beliefs. We argue that while it is necessary that the courts maintain a flexible approach when applying discrimination and human rights law, it is vital that coherent equality principles are applied consistently when reconciling and balancing conflicting rights. This is particularly important in the context of discrimination and human rights, where there is an ongoing debate about the extent to which trans peoples’ rights are adequately protected and whether protecting such rights infringes the rights of others.

中文翻译：

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关于跨性别者的“性别批判”观点应该作为工作场所的哲学信仰得到保护吗？Forstater、Mackereth 和 Higgs 对未来的启示

根据 2010 年平等法案 (EqA) 提出的一些就业法庭索赔涉及以下情况：一个人因受保护的特征（例如性别、性取向或性别重新分配）而免受歧视的保护与他人的权利发生冲突，例如例如，《欧洲人权公约》（ECHR）规定的言论自由权或表明宗教或信仰的权利，或《平等权利公约》本身规定的免受基于宗教或哲学信仰的歧视的保护。本文对最近的 Forstater、Mackereth 和 Higgs 案件中的歧视法的应用进行了批判性描述，特别关注了 Grainger 标准以及相关人权条款的应用。具体来说，我们对最近的案例进行了分析，其中索赔人指控与跨性别者（以及更广泛的性别/性别）的“性别批判”观点有关的非法歧视，他们认为这构成受保护的宗教和/或哲学信仰。我们认为，虽然法院在适用歧视和人权法时有必要保持灵活的方法，但在调和和平衡相互冲突的权利时，始终如一地适用连贯的平等原则至关重要。这在歧视和人权的背景下尤为重要，在这一背景下，关于跨性别者的权利得到充分保护的程度以及保护这些权利是否侵犯了他人的权利一直存在争议。