Sociolinguistic research has established that glottal realisations of the voiceless alveolar stop /t/ have become increasingly common in accents of British English. The phenomenon, known as T-glottalling, encompasses the production of word-final and word-medial /t/ using glottal articulations, including creaky voice, pre-glottalisation [ʔt] and glottal replacement [ʔ] (Straw & Patrick, 2007), so that words such as but [bʌt] and butter [bʌtə] may become [bʌʔ] and [bʌʔə] respectively. The change has been documented for some time in Scotland (Macafee, 1997) and Norfolk (Trudgill, 1999) but has since been reported in numerous locations across the UK (see Smith & Holmes–Elliott, 2018 for a recent review). Studies of regional dialect levelling (Kerswill, 2003) have argued that T-glottalling has spread from working-class London speech into neighbouring varieties of South East England and beyond as a form of geographical diffusion (Altendorf & Watt, 2004). Together with other variables showing similar sociolinguistic patterns, such as TH-fronting and L vocalisation, it has been identified as part of a set of ‘youth norms’ used by young people in many urban centres to index a trendy, youthful identity (Williams & Kerswill, 1999; Milroy, 2007; though see Watson, 2006 for an exception in Liverpool), which have elsewhere been referred to as ‘Estuary English’ (Rosewarne, 1984; Altendorf, 2017). In terms of perception, T-glottalling is described as highly salient and stigmatised, frequently attracting comments from lay speakers to the effect that it should be avoided (Wells, 1982; Bennett, 2012), to the extent that mainstream journalistic publications can identify and criticise its use by ‘educated’ speakers such as politicians (e.g. Littlejohn, 2011).

中文翻译：

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英格兰东南部青少年对 T 型声门的认知

社会语言学研究已经确定，在英国英语口音中，清音齿龈塞音 /t/ 的声门实现变得越来越普遍。这种现象被称为 T 声门，包括使用声门发音产生词尾和词中 /t/，包括吱吱作响的声音、声门前化 [ʔt] 和声门替换 [ʔ] (Straw & Patrick, 2007) ，所以诸如但[bʌt] 和黄油[bʌtə] 可能分别变成 [bʌʔ] 和 [bʌʔə]。这种变化在苏格兰（Macafee，1997 年）和诺福克（Trudgill，1999 年）已经记录了一段时间，但此后在英国的许多地方都有报道（参见 Smith & Holmes-Elliott，2018 年的最新评论）。区域方言水平的研究（Kerswill，2003）认为，T-声门已经从工人阶级的伦敦演讲传播到邻近的英格兰东南部及其他地区，作为一种地理扩散形式（Altendorf & Watt，2004）。连同其他显示出类似社会语言模式的变量，例如 TH-fronting 和 L 发声，它已被确定为许多城市中心的年轻人用来索引时尚、年轻身份的一组“青年规范”的一部分（Williams & Kerswill，1999；Milroy，2007；虽然参见 Watson，2006 年利物浦的一个例外），在其他地方被称为“河口英语”（Rosewarne，1984；Altendorf，2017）。就感知而言，T-声门被描述为高度突出和污名化，经常吸引非专业人士的评论，大意是应该避免它（Wells，1982；Bennett，2012），以至于主流新闻出版物可以识别和批评政治家等“受过教育”的演讲者使用它（例如 Littlejohn，2011）。